Prelims Mantra (Practice Questions) (18/06/2026)
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Prelims Mantra (Practice Questions) (18/06/2026)
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
With reference to the Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS), consider the following statements:
1. It is a bilateral administrative arrangement that provides India with strategic maritime access to the Russian Far East and the Northern Sea Route (NSR).
2. The agreement contains an operational cap that restricts the simultaneous presence of troops from either country to a maximum of 3,000 personnel.
3. Similar to the LEMOA signed with the United States, RELOS establishes a framework for the automatic creation of joint permanent military bases.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
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- Statement 1 is correct: RELOS provides India strategic logistical reach into Russia’s Arctic zones, the Far East, and the Northern Sea Route.
- Statement 2 is correct: it includes an operational ceiling capping the simultaneous presence of forces to 3,000 personnel to protect sovereignty.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: neither LEMOA nor RELOS allows for the automatic establishment of permanent foreign military bases or acts as a military defense alliance pact. They are purely reciprocal administrative frameworks for refueling, repairs, and supply replenishment.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is correct: RELOS provides India strategic logistical reach into Russia’s Arctic zones, the Far East, and the Northern Sea Route.
- Statement 2 is correct: it includes an operational ceiling capping the simultaneous presence of forces to 3,000 personnel to protect sovereignty.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: neither LEMOA nor RELOS allows for the automatic establishment of permanent foreign military bases or acts as a military defense alliance pact. They are purely reciprocal administrative frameworks for refueling, repairs, and supply replenishment.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the hydrography and treaties of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin:
1. The Padma River is formed inside Bangladesh immediately after the main channel of the Ganges bifurcates and joins the Teesta River.
2. The historic Ganges Water Sharing Treaty signed between India and Bangladesh in 1996 governs water distribution during the lean season and is valid for a period of 30 years.
3. The Farakka Barrage utilizes a feeder canal to divert water into the Bhagirathi-Hooghly system to control siltation at the Kolkata Port.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is incorrect: the Ganges takes the name Padma upon entering Bangladesh, but it converges downstream with the Jamuna River (the main channel of the Brahmaputra), not the Teesta. The Teesta is a tributary that flows into the Jamuna.
- Statement 2 is correct: the landmark 1996 treaty has a fixed 30-year span, placing its expiration and renegotiation cycle in late 2026.
- Statement 3 is correct: the primary purpose of the Farakka Barrage’s 38-km feeder canal is to augment water into the Hooghly branch to flush out heavy silt accumulation at Kolkata Port.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is incorrect: the Ganges takes the name Padma upon entering Bangladesh, but it converges downstream with the Jamuna River (the main channel of the Brahmaputra), not the Teesta. The Teesta is a tributary that flows into the Jamuna.
- Statement 2 is correct: the landmark 1996 treaty has a fixed 30-year span, placing its expiration and renegotiation cycle in late 2026.
- Statement 3 is correct: the primary purpose of the Farakka Barrage’s 38-km feeder canal is to augment water into the Hooghly branch to flush out heavy silt accumulation at Kolkata Port.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
In the context of cyber security, which of the following statements best describes the phenomenon of ‘Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Hijacking’?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Border Gateway Protocol handles routing paths between core networks across the global internet. Because it relies on implicit trust, a rogue system can falsely claim ownership of IP blocks, misdirecting traffic.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Border Gateway Protocol handles routing paths between core networks across the global internet. Because it relies on implicit trust, a rogue system can falsely claim ownership of IP blocks, misdirecting traffic.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
With reference to population dynamics and fiscal federalism in India, consider the following statements:
1. Replacement-level fertility is the uniform Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.0 at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next without migration.
2. A population can continue to grow for a few decades even after reaching below-replacement fertility due to the phenomenon of population momentum.
3. The 15th Finance Commission incorporated a metric for ‘demographic performance’ to financially reward states that successfully moved toward lower fertility rates.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is incorrect: the internationally recognized baseline for replacement-level fertility is 2.1, not 2.0.
- Statement 2 is correct: population momentum ensures that a large youthful demographic base moving through reproductive age groups keeps total births high for a period, stalling an immediate population drop even if individual TFR falls below 2.1.
- Statement 3 is correct: the 15th Finance Commission introduced 12.5% weight criteria for “demographic performance” to protect states that effectively reduced their fertility levels from losing out in horizontal tax devolution.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is incorrect: the internationally recognized baseline for replacement-level fertility is 2.1, not 2.0.
- Statement 2 is correct: population momentum ensures that a large youthful demographic base moving through reproductive age groups keeps total births high for a period, stalling an immediate population drop even if individual TFR falls below 2.1.
- Statement 3 is correct: the 15th Finance Commission introduced 12.5% weight criteria for “demographic performance” to protect states that effectively reduced their fertility levels from losing out in horizontal tax devolution.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding aquatic pollution parameters:
1. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures both the biodegradable organic matter and the non-biodegradable chemical toxins present in a water sample.
2. High organic waste loading in a river accelerates microbial decomposition, leading to a surge in BOD values and a drop in Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels.
3. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is a statutory body empowered under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is incorrect: BOD only measures the oxygen required to biologically break down organic wastes via microbes. It is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) that measures both biodegradable and non-biodegradable chemically oxidizable compounds.
- Statement 2 is correct: high organic matter means microbes multiply rapidly to eat the waste, using up the water’s Dissolved Oxygen (DO), causing a dangerous drop in DO while spiking the BOD value.
- Statement 3 is correct: the CPCB is a principal statutory body created under the Water Act of 1974.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
-
- Statement 1 is incorrect: BOD only measures the oxygen required to biologically break down organic wastes via microbes. It is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) that measures both biodegradable and non-biodegradable chemically oxidizable compounds.
- Statement 2 is correct: high organic matter means microbes multiply rapidly to eat the waste, using up the water’s Dissolved Oxygen (DO), causing a dangerous drop in DO while spiking the BOD value.
- Statement 3 is correct: the CPCB is a principal statutory body created under the Water Act of 1974.
