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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1. Consider the following pairs:
Committees/Commissions – Recommendations
1. Rajamannar Committee (1971) – Articles 356 and 357 should be deleted from the Constitution of India
2. Sarkaria Commission (1988) – Article 356 should only be used in very rare cases
3. Punchhi Commission (2010) – Articles 355 and 356 need to be amended
How many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
Pair 1: The Rajamannar Committee, also known as the Committee on Administrative Reorganisation, made several recommendations in 1971 aimed at improving Centre-State relations in India. Among them the most prominent recommendation was for the abolition of Article 356 and Article 357.
Pair 2: The Sarkaria Commission (1988) recommended invoking Article 356 only in “very rare cases and for extreme reasons” like complete failure of constitutional machinery, internal subversion, or external aggression. It suggested emphasizing other alternatives like Governor’s reports, persuasion, and political dialogue before resorting to President’s Rule.
Pair 3: The MM Punchhi Commission Report (2010) advised that Article 355 and Article 356 of the Constitution need to beamended. Article 355 talks about the duty of the Centre to protect the state against anyexternal aggression and Article 356 talks about the implementation of President’s rule in caseof failure of the machinery of the state. The recommendation seeks to protect States’ interest by curbing centre’s misuse of powers. It specified that the Centre should rather than bringing the whole state under emergency, bring only the troubled area under its jurisdiction. The time period of an emergency should not be more than three months.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
Pair 1: The Rajamannar Committee, also known as the Committee on Administrative Reorganisation, made several recommendations in 1971 aimed at improving Centre-State relations in India. Among them the most prominent recommendation was for the abolition of Article 356 and Article 357.
Pair 2: The Sarkaria Commission (1988) recommended invoking Article 356 only in “very rare cases and for extreme reasons” like complete failure of constitutional machinery, internal subversion, or external aggression. It suggested emphasizing other alternatives like Governor’s reports, persuasion, and political dialogue before resorting to President’s Rule.
Pair 3: The MM Punchhi Commission Report (2010) advised that Article 355 and Article 356 of the Constitution need to beamended. Article 355 talks about the duty of the Centre to protect the state against anyexternal aggression and Article 356 talks about the implementation of President’s rule in caseof failure of the machinery of the state. The recommendation seeks to protect States’ interest by curbing centre’s misuse of powers. It specified that the Centre should rather than bringing the whole state under emergency, bring only the troubled area under its jurisdiction. The time period of an emergency should not be more than three months. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2. Consider the following statements in the context of the ‘Committee of Privileges’:
1. It is chaired by the Speaker in the Lok Sabha, while in the Rajya Sabha it is chaired by the Deputy-Chairperson.
2. The members of the Committee are nominated by the Speaker after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.
3. It is mandatory for the Committee in the Lok Sabha to decide on a question of ‘breach of privilege’ within three months after its referral to it.
How many of the above given statements are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Committee of Privileges consists of 15 members in Lok Sabha (10 in case of Rajya Sabha) nominated by the Speaker (Chairman in case of Rajya Sabha). The Committee of Privileges in Lok Sabha is not chaired by the Speaker. Its Chairman is appointed by the Speaker. Similarly, in Rajya Sabha the Chairperson of the committee is appointed by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha from amongst the members of the Committee.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Committee consists of 15 members nominated by the Speaker of Lok Sabha, ensuring representation from different parties, however there is no such rule which specifies the consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of Opposition.
Statement 3 is incorrect: No such time frame is prescribed either in the Constitution or in any other statute or in the rules of the house.
Additional Information:
The Committee of Privileges in Lok Sabha:
The Committee of Privileges is a crucial parliamentary body in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. It safeguards the dignity, rights, and powers of the House and its members by investigating and addressing breaches of privilege.
Composition and Function:
• Members: The Committee consists of 15 members nominated by the Speaker of Lok Sabha, ensuring representation from different parties.
• Function: Its primary function is to examine every question involving a breach of privilege of the House, its members, or its committees.
• Initiation:
o By the House: Any member can raise a question of privilege, but their notice needs the Speaker’s consent.
o By the Speaker: The Speaker can also suo moto (on their own initiative) refer a matter to the Committee.
Types of Breaches of Privilege:
The Committee deals with various breaches of privilege, categorized broadly into:
• Contempt of the House: This includes acts that obstruct the functioning of the House, like causing disturbances or refusing to obey its orders of the presiding officers.
• Defamation of the House or its members: This refers to making false or derogatory statements against the House or its members.
• Interference with parliamentary work: This encompasses acts that hinder the smooth functioning of Parliament, like preventing members from attending sessions or submitting documents.
Procedure:
• The Committee examines each case presented, summoning witnesses and collecting evidence.
• It determines whether a breach of privilege has occurred and, if so, recommends appropriate action.
• This action may include reprimands, apologies, suspension from the House, or even legal proceedings in severe cases.
• Its reports are presented to the Lok Sabha for consideration and final decision.
• The Committee’s recommendations are generally accepted by the House, showcasing its crucial role in maintaining parliamentary decorum and integrity.
The Committee of Privileges in Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, performs a crucial function similar to its Lok Sabha counterpart: protecting the dignity, rights, and powers of the House and its members. Here’s a detailed explanation of its composition, function, and significance:
Composition and Function:
• Members: Comprising 10 members nominated by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha, it ensures balanced representation from different parties.
• Function: It examines every question relating to a breach of privilege referred to it by the House or the Chairman. These breaches can be against:
o The House itself: Obstruction of proceedings, disrespectful behavior, etc.
o Its members: Defamation, assault, interference with parliamentary work, etc.
o Its committees: Similar breaches as above, occurring within committee functions.
Initiating a Privilege Motion:
• By a member: Similar to Lok Sabha, members can raise questions of privilege with prior consent from the Chairman.
• By the Chairman: The Chairman can suo moto refer a matter to the Committee if they deem it necessary.
Types of Breaches of Privilege:
• Similar to Lok Sabha, they fall into broad categories like contempt of the House, defamation, interference with parliamentary work, and assault/obstruction of members.
Procedure:
• The Committee conducts a confidential investigation, summoning witnesses and examining evidence.
• It concludes whether a breach occurred and, if so, recommends appropriate action. This might include:
o Reprimands or apologies: For less severe breaches.
o Suspension from the House: For more serious cases.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Committee of Privileges consists of 15 members in Lok Sabha (10 in case of Rajya Sabha) nominated by the Speaker (Chairman in case of Rajya Sabha). The Committee of Privileges in Lok Sabha is not chaired by the Speaker. Its Chairman is appointed by the Speaker. Similarly, in Rajya Sabha the Chairperson of the committee is appointed by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha from amongst the members of the Committee.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Committee consists of 15 members nominated by the Speaker of Lok Sabha, ensuring representation from different parties, however there is no such rule which specifies the consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of Opposition.
Statement 3 is incorrect: No such time frame is prescribed either in the Constitution or in any other statute or in the rules of the house.
Additional Information:
The Committee of Privileges in Lok Sabha:
The Committee of Privileges is a crucial parliamentary body in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. It safeguards the dignity, rights, and powers of the House and its members by investigating and addressing breaches of privilege.
Composition and Function:
• Members: The Committee consists of 15 members nominated by the Speaker of Lok Sabha, ensuring representation from different parties.
• Function: Its primary function is to examine every question involving a breach of privilege of the House, its members, or its committees.
• Initiation:
o By the House: Any member can raise a question of privilege, but their notice needs the Speaker’s consent.
o By the Speaker: The Speaker can also suo moto (on their own initiative) refer a matter to the Committee.
Types of Breaches of Privilege:
The Committee deals with various breaches of privilege, categorized broadly into:
• Contempt of the House: This includes acts that obstruct the functioning of the House, like causing disturbances or refusing to obey its orders of the presiding officers.
• Defamation of the House or its members: This refers to making false or derogatory statements against the House or its members.
• Interference with parliamentary work: This encompasses acts that hinder the smooth functioning of Parliament, like preventing members from attending sessions or submitting documents.
Procedure:
• The Committee examines each case presented, summoning witnesses and collecting evidence.
• It determines whether a breach of privilege has occurred and, if so, recommends appropriate action.
• This action may include reprimands, apologies, suspension from the House, or even legal proceedings in severe cases.
• Its reports are presented to the Lok Sabha for consideration and final decision.
• The Committee’s recommendations are generally accepted by the House, showcasing its crucial role in maintaining parliamentary decorum and integrity.
The Committee of Privileges in Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, performs a crucial function similar to its Lok Sabha counterpart: protecting the dignity, rights, and powers of the House and its members. Here’s a detailed explanation of its composition, function, and significance:
Composition and Function:
• Members: Comprising 10 members nominated by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha, it ensures balanced representation from different parties.
• Function: It examines every question relating to a breach of privilege referred to it by the House or the Chairman. These breaches can be against:
o The House itself: Obstruction of proceedings, disrespectful behavior, etc.
o Its members: Defamation, assault, interference with parliamentary work, etc.
o Its committees: Similar breaches as above, occurring within committee functions.
Initiating a Privilege Motion:
• By a member: Similar to Lok Sabha, members can raise questions of privilege with prior consent from the Chairman.
• By the Chairman: The Chairman can suo moto refer a matter to the Committee if they deem it necessary.
Types of Breaches of Privilege:
• Similar to Lok Sabha, they fall into broad categories like contempt of the House, defamation, interference with parliamentary work, and assault/obstruction of members.
Procedure:
• The Committee conducts a confidential investigation, summoning witnesses and examining evidence.
• It concludes whether a breach occurred and, if so, recommends appropriate action. This might include:
o Reprimands or apologies: For less severe breaches.
o Suspension from the House: For more serious cases. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
3. Consider the following statements:
1. The Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 (CGST Act) mandates the constitution of a GST Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT).
2. The President is empowered to constitute the GSTAT on the recommendation of the GST Council.
Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: The Central Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 (CGST Act) mandates the constitution of a Goods and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT) and its Benches to fulfill a crucial role in the GST dispute resolution process.
Purpose of GSTAT:
• Specialized Appellate Authority: GSTAT acts as a dedicated forum for resolving disputes arising under the GST legislation. This helps in efficient and specialized handling of GST-related issues compared to general courts.
• Two-Tier Appeal System:
o First Appeal: Taxpayers dissatisfied with an order passed by a GST officer can first appeal to the appellate authority under the relevant state or central GST Act.
o Second Appeal: If still aggrieved, they can further appeal to the GSTAT.
• Uniformity in Dispute Resolution: GSTAT serves as a common platform for both central and state-level GST disputes. This ensures consistent interpretation and application of GST laws across the country, promoting uniformity and reducing confusion.
• Expertise and Experience: GSTAT members are expected to possess expertise in taxation and related matters. This ensures thorough and informed adjudications, leading to higher quality decisions.
Structure of GSTAT:
• National Bench: Located in New Delhi, it handles appeals from across the country.
• State Benches: Established in various states and Union Territories, these benches cater to appeals specific to their jurisdiction. As of September 14, 2023, 31 state benches have been notified.
Impact: The establishment of GSTAT is expected to bring significant benefits to taxpayers by offering:
o Faster Dispute Resolution: Compared to High Courts, appeals through GSTAT are expected to be resolved quicker, reducing pendency and facilitating business continuity.
o Reduced Litigation Costs: Specialized GSTAT proceedings may be more cost-effective than navigating through general courts.
o Enhanced Taxpayer Confidence: A robust and efficient dispute resolution mechanism strengthens taxpayer confidence in the GST regime.
Statement 2 is incorrect: As per the Act, the Central Government will constitute, on the recommendation of the GST Council, an Appellate Tribunal known as the GSTAT.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: The Central Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 (CGST Act) mandates the constitution of a Goods and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT) and its Benches to fulfill a crucial role in the GST dispute resolution process.
Purpose of GSTAT:
• Specialized Appellate Authority: GSTAT acts as a dedicated forum for resolving disputes arising under the GST legislation. This helps in efficient and specialized handling of GST-related issues compared to general courts.
• Two-Tier Appeal System:
o First Appeal: Taxpayers dissatisfied with an order passed by a GST officer can first appeal to the appellate authority under the relevant state or central GST Act.
o Second Appeal: If still aggrieved, they can further appeal to the GSTAT.
• Uniformity in Dispute Resolution: GSTAT serves as a common platform for both central and state-level GST disputes. This ensures consistent interpretation and application of GST laws across the country, promoting uniformity and reducing confusion.
• Expertise and Experience: GSTAT members are expected to possess expertise in taxation and related matters. This ensures thorough and informed adjudications, leading to higher quality decisions.
Structure of GSTAT:
• National Bench: Located in New Delhi, it handles appeals from across the country.
• State Benches: Established in various states and Union Territories, these benches cater to appeals specific to their jurisdiction. As of September 14, 2023, 31 state benches have been notified.
Impact: The establishment of GSTAT is expected to bring significant benefits to taxpayers by offering:
o Faster Dispute Resolution: Compared to High Courts, appeals through GSTAT are expected to be resolved quicker, reducing pendency and facilitating business continuity.
o Reduced Litigation Costs: Specialized GSTAT proceedings may be more cost-effective than navigating through general courts.
o Enhanced Taxpayer Confidence: A robust and efficient dispute resolution mechanism strengthens taxpayer confidence in the GST regime.
Statement 2 is incorrect: As per the Act, the Central Government will constitute, on the recommendation of the GST Council, an Appellate Tribunal known as the GSTAT. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
4. Consider the following statements:
1. To organize village panchayats and enable them to function as units of self government.
2. To secure the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens.
3. To prohibit traffic in human beings and forced labour.
4. To prohibit consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs.
How many of the above given are included in the Directive Principles of State Policy?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are a crucial element of the Indian Constitution, outlining a set of guidelines for the government to strive towards in creating a just and equitable society.
Listed in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Constitution, DPSPs are not enforceable rights like Fundamental Rights, but rather aspirational objectives for the government’s policies and actions.
They encompass a wide range of areas, including:
• Economic Policy: Right to work, living wage, equitable distribution of resources, prevention of monopolies.
• Social Welfare: Education, healthcare, social security for the elderly and disabled.
• Environment: Protection of forests and wildlife, sustainable development.
• Justice and Governance: Promotion of international peace, equal justice for all.
Despite not being enforceable, DPSP serve as moral and constitutional obligations for the government, guiding its decisions towards establishing a welfare state. They provide a framework for legislation and policy-making, influencing various laws and programs like the Right to Education Act or MNREGA. They act as a yardstick for evaluating government performance, enabling public scrutiny and discussion on issues like poverty, education, and environmental protection.
Let us see the above mentioned options:
Article 40: The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats as units of Self Government
Articles 39: The State shall in particular, direct its policies towards securing:
• Right to an adequate means of livelihood to all the citizens.
• The ownership and control of material resources shall be organised in a manner to serve the common good.
• The State shall avoid concentration of wealth in a few hands.
• Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
• The protection of the strength and health of the workers.
• Childhood and youth shall not be exploited.
Article 47: The State shall take steps to improve public health and prohibit consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs that are injurious to health.
The prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour is enshrined in Article 23 of the Constitution (Fundamental Rights).
Article 23(1) Prohibits
• Traffic in human beings: This encompasses any act of buying, selling, or otherwise dealing with human beings for the purposes of exploitation or slavery.
• Begar: A specific form of forced labour, particularly prevalent in rural areas, where individuals are compelled to work without remuneration to repay debts.
• Other similar forms of forced labour: This broad category covers any situation where a person is forced to work against their will, under threat of violence, coercion, or deception.
Hence only three options are correct.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are a crucial element of the Indian Constitution, outlining a set of guidelines for the government to strive towards in creating a just and equitable society.
Listed in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Constitution, DPSPs are not enforceable rights like Fundamental Rights, but rather aspirational objectives for the government’s policies and actions.
They encompass a wide range of areas, including:
• Economic Policy: Right to work, living wage, equitable distribution of resources, prevention of monopolies.
• Social Welfare: Education, healthcare, social security for the elderly and disabled.
• Environment: Protection of forests and wildlife, sustainable development.
• Justice and Governance: Promotion of international peace, equal justice for all.
Despite not being enforceable, DPSP serve as moral and constitutional obligations for the government, guiding its decisions towards establishing a welfare state. They provide a framework for legislation and policy-making, influencing various laws and programs like the Right to Education Act or MNREGA. They act as a yardstick for evaluating government performance, enabling public scrutiny and discussion on issues like poverty, education, and environmental protection.
Let us see the above mentioned options:
Article 40: The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats as units of Self Government
Articles 39: The State shall in particular, direct its policies towards securing:
• Right to an adequate means of livelihood to all the citizens.
• The ownership and control of material resources shall be organised in a manner to serve the common good.
• The State shall avoid concentration of wealth in a few hands.
• Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
• The protection of the strength and health of the workers.
• Childhood and youth shall not be exploited.
Article 47: The State shall take steps to improve public health and prohibit consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs that are injurious to health.
The prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour is enshrined in Article 23 of the Constitution (Fundamental Rights).
Article 23(1) Prohibits
• Traffic in human beings: This encompasses any act of buying, selling, or otherwise dealing with human beings for the purposes of exploitation or slavery.
• Begar: A specific form of forced labour, particularly prevalent in rural areas, where individuals are compelled to work without remuneration to repay debts.
• Other similar forms of forced labour: This broad category covers any situation where a person is forced to work against their will, under threat of violence, coercion, or deception.
Hence only three options are correct. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
5. Consider the following pairs:
Amendments Provisions
1. 103th – Provided reservation to EWS category.
2. 104th – Extended the reservation of seats for the Anglo-Indians in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
3. 105th – Restored the power of the state governments to identify Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
How many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Refer to the correctly matched pairs given below:
Amendment – Provision
1. 103th – Provided reservation to EWS category
2. 104th – Extended the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.Interestingly the amendment did not extend the tenure of reservation for the Anglo-Indians.
3. 105th – Restored the power to state governments to identify Other Backward Classes (OBCs).Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Refer to the correctly matched pairs given below:
Amendment – Provision
1. 103th – Provided reservation to EWS category
2. 104th – Extended the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.Interestingly the amendment did not extend the tenure of reservation for the Anglo-Indians.
3. 105th – Restored the power to state governments to identify Other Backward Classes (OBCs).