Context
The third phase of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls has resulted in the deletion of more than 6 crore names from the draft electoral rolls across 16 States and 3 Union Territories.
According to the draft figures, out of 36.08 crore electors, around 29.93 crore names (82.96%) have been retained, while approximately 6.15 crore names (17.04%) have been removed from the draft rolls.
The exercise is being undertaken by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to verify and update electoral rolls and ensure that only eligible voters remain on the electoral register.
Why is SIR being conducted?
The Special Intensive Revision involves a detailed verification of electoral rolls, including the enumeration of voters and verification of their eligibility.
Its broad objectives include:
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- Removing duplicate entries
- Identifying deceased voters
- Removing names of voters who have permanently shifted
- Correcting errors in electoral records
- Ensuring that eligible citizens are included
- Improving the overall accuracy and integrity of electoral rolls
The process is therefore aimed at strengthening the principle of “one eligible citizen, one vote.”
Important Data from the Third Phase
| Indicator | Figure |
| States/UTs covered | 16 States + 3 UTs |
| Electors in draft rolls | 36.08 crore |
| Names retained | 29.93 crore |
| Names removed | 6.15 crore |
| Percentage removed | 17.04% |
Among the States/UTs mentioned in the report, Delhi recorded the highest deletion in percentage terms at 32.78%, while Maharashtra recorded the highest number of deletions in absolute terms — about 2.06 crore.
Constitutional & Legal Significance
The electoral-roll revision is closely connected with the constitutional framework governing elections in India.
Article 324
Provides the Election Commission of India with the superintendence, direction and control of elections.
Article 325
Provides for one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency and prohibits exclusion from electoral rolls on grounds such as religion, race, caste or sex.
Article 326
Provides for elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies on the basis of adult suffrage.
The revision of electoral rolls is therefore essential for ensuring that the constitutional principle of free and fair elections is effectively implemented.
Key Concern: Inclusion vs Exclusion
The most important UPSC perspective is that electoral-roll revision involves a delicate balance:
Electoral Integrity ↔ Universal Franchise
While removing ineligible or duplicate voters strengthens the credibility of elections, wrongful exclusion of eligible voters can directly affect their fundamental democratic participation.
Therefore, the revision process must ensure:
Transparency + Due Process + Accessibility + Right to Claim & Objection
The ECI has provided a window for citizens to submit claims and objections regarding additions and deletions and for registration of new voters.
Way Forward
A robust electoral-roll system should focus on:
1. Transparent verification mechanisms
2. Adequate opportunity for claims and objections
3. Easy access to appeal and correction mechanisms
4. Special assistance for migrants, elderly persons, persons with disabilities and vulnerable groups
5. Greater use of technology while ensuring privacy and data protection
6. Regular updating of electoral databases rather than relying only on large-scale revisions.
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