DTRS-4
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding theAravalli Green Wall Project:
1. It is an initiative to green the 500 km buffer area around Aravalli Hill.
2. It is part of the Union Environment Ministry’s vision to create green corridors across the country to combat land degradation and desertification.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
India’s delegation, led by the Union Environment Minister, will participate in the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) COP16 in Riyadh and showcase its Aravalli Green Wall Project.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Aravalli Green Wall Project is a major initiative to green the 5 km buffer area around Aravalli Hill.
Statement 2 is correct: It is part of the Union Environment Ministry’s vision to create green corridors across the country to combat land degradation and desertification. The project covers the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Delhi – where the Aravalli hills landscape span over 6 million hectares of land. The project will involve planting native species of trees and shrubs on scrubland, wasteland and degraded forest land, along with rejuvenating and restoring surface water bodies such as ponds, lakes and streams. The project will also focus on agroforestry and pasture development to enhance the livelihoods of local communities.
Objectives
Improving the ecological health of the Aravalli range.
To prevent eastward expansion of Thar Desert and to reduce land degradation by creating green barriers that will prevent soil erosion, desertification and dust storms
It will help in carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change to enhance the biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Aravalli range by planting native tree species in the Aravalli region, providing habitat for wildlife, improving water quality and quantity.
Promote sustainable development and livelihood opportunities by involving local communities in afforestation, agro-forestry and water conservation activities that will generate income, employment, food security and social benefits.
It will contribute to India’s commitments under various international conventions such as UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification), CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) and UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).
Source:
https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/cop16-int-l-conference-in-saudi-arabia-haryana-vows-to-combat-desertification-of-aravallis-101733167302082.htmlIncorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
India’s delegation, led by the Union Environment Minister, will participate in the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) COP16 in Riyadh and showcase its Aravalli Green Wall Project.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Aravalli Green Wall Project is a major initiative to green the 5 km buffer area around Aravalli Hill.
Statement 2 is correct: It is part of the Union Environment Ministry’s vision to create green corridors across the country to combat land degradation and desertification. The project covers the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Delhi – where the Aravalli hills landscape span over 6 million hectares of land. The project will involve planting native species of trees and shrubs on scrubland, wasteland and degraded forest land, along with rejuvenating and restoring surface water bodies such as ponds, lakes and streams. The project will also focus on agroforestry and pasture development to enhance the livelihoods of local communities.
Objectives
Improving the ecological health of the Aravalli range.
To prevent eastward expansion of Thar Desert and to reduce land degradation by creating green barriers that will prevent soil erosion, desertification and dust storms
It will help in carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change to enhance the biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Aravalli range by planting native tree species in the Aravalli region, providing habitat for wildlife, improving water quality and quantity.
Promote sustainable development and livelihood opportunities by involving local communities in afforestation, agro-forestry and water conservation activities that will generate income, employment, food security and social benefits.
It will contribute to India’s commitments under various international conventions such as UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification), CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) and UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).
Source:
https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/cop16-int-l-conference-in-saudi-arabia-haryana-vows-to-combat-desertification-of-aravallis-101733167302082.html -
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
Q2. Consider the following statements about thelandfall of a cyclone:
1.It refers to a situation where the core of the eyewall of a cyclone comes ashore but the centre of the storm may remain offshore.
2.If landfall of a cyclone occurs, the cyclone’s strongest winds can be experienced over land.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context: Cyclone Fengal, recently made landfall near Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, weakened into a deep
depression, but heavy rains and floods continued to pound several parts of the state and union territory.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The landfall is the event of a tropical cyclone coming onto land after being over water. As per the India Meteorological Department (IMD), a tropical cyclone is said to have made landfall when the centre of the storm – or its eye – moves over the coast. Direct hit refers to a situation where the core of high winds (or eyewall) comes ashore but the centre of the storm may remain offshore.
Statement 2 is incorrect: As per the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), because the strongest winds in a tropical cyclone are not located precisely at the centre, it is possible for a cyclone’s strongest winds to be experienced over land even if landfall does not occur.
Additional information:
Damage caused by a cyclone’s landfall:
·The damage caused by the landfall will depend on the severity of the cyclone – marked by the speed of its winds. If the cyclonic storm is “very severe”, the impact may include extensive damage to kutcha houses, partial disruption of power and communication lines, minor disruption of rail and road traffic, potential threat from flying debris and flooding of escape routes.
·Factors behind this kind of damage include extremely strong winds, heavy rainfall and storm surges which cause devastating floods on the coast.
Duration of landfall
·Landfalls can last for a few hours, with their exact duration depending on the speed of the winds and the size of the storm system.
·Cyclones lose their intensity once they move over land because of a sharp reduction of moisture supply and an increase in surface friction. This means that while landfalls are often the most devastating moments of cyclones, they also mark the beginning of its end.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/cyclone-fengal-what-is-landfall/article68931261.eceIncorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context: Cyclone Fengal, recently made landfall near Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, weakened into a deep
depression, but heavy rains and floods continued to pound several parts of the state and union territory.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The landfall is the event of a tropical cyclone coming onto land after being over water. As per the India Meteorological Department (IMD), a tropical cyclone is said to have made landfall when the centre of the storm – or its eye – moves over the coast. Direct hit refers to a situation where the core of high winds (or eyewall) comes ashore but the centre of the storm may remain offshore.
Statement 2 is incorrect: As per the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), because the strongest winds in a tropical cyclone are not located precisely at the centre, it is possible for a cyclone’s strongest winds to be experienced over land even if landfall does not occur.
Additional information:
Damage caused by a cyclone’s landfall:
·The damage caused by the landfall will depend on the severity of the cyclone – marked by the speed of its winds. If the cyclonic storm is “very severe”, the impact may include extensive damage to kutcha houses, partial disruption of power and communication lines, minor disruption of rail and road traffic, potential threat from flying debris and flooding of escape routes.
·Factors behind this kind of damage include extremely strong winds, heavy rainfall and storm surges which cause devastating floods on the coast.
Duration of landfall
·Landfalls can last for a few hours, with their exact duration depending on the speed of the winds and the size of the storm system.
·Cyclones lose their intensity once they move over land because of a sharp reduction of moisture supply and an increase in surface friction. This means that while landfalls are often the most devastating moments of cyclones, they also mark the beginning of its end.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/cyclone-fengal-what-is-landfall/article68931261.ece -
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Q3. Which of the following statements best describes the term ‘Brain Rot’ that was recently seen in the news?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
Oxford University Press (OUP) has announced ‘brain rot’ as the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024. The selection process for the word of the year 2024 involved over 37,000 public votes from a shortlist of six words compiled by Oxford University. The word ‘Brain Rot’ highlights the growing concerns around the effects of consuming trivial social media content on mental health.
About the Brain Dot:
‘Brain Rot’ refers to cognitive decline caused by excessive exposure to trivial or low-quality social media content. It highlights mental fatigue linked to binge-watching, doomscrolling, or consuming low-value digital content.
Oxford University Press (OUP) declared ‘Brain Rot’ as the Oxford Word of the Year 2024.
The selection was made through public voting, with over 37,000 votes cast.
·Public Vote:
Participatory process involved global voting on a shortlist curated by language experts.
‘Brain Rot’ won against contenders like ‘heat domes’, ‘neurospicy’, ‘demure’, ‘dynamic pricing’, ‘lore’, and ‘romantasy.’
Historical Context:
Previous winners include ‘Goblin Mode’ (2022) and ‘Climate Emergency’ (2019).
Words of the Year are chosen for their cultural relevance, frequency of use, and resonance with global concerns.
Rationale Behind the Selection:
Reflects societal concerns about the impact of technology on human thought processes and mental health. Usage surged with trends like ‘digital detox’ and discussions about mental health and screen time.
Resonates particularly with younger audiences, using accessible and relatable language.
Cultural Significance:
Recognizes the growing discourse on digital habits and their cognitive impacts. Signals a shift towards prioritizing mental well-being in the digital age.
Encourages introspection about balanced content consumption.
Hence, Option (b) is the correct answer. Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/brain-rot-named-oxford-word-of-the-year-2024-what-does-it- mean/article68942142.ece#cxrecs_sIncorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
Oxford University Press (OUP) has announced ‘brain rot’ as the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024. The selection process for the word of the year 2024 involved over 37,000 public votes from a shortlist of six words compiled by Oxford University. The word ‘Brain Rot’ highlights the growing concerns around the effects of consuming trivial social media content on mental health.
About the Brain Dot:
‘Brain Rot’ refers to cognitive decline caused by excessive exposure to trivial or low-quality social media content. It highlights mental fatigue linked to binge-watching, doomscrolling, or consuming low-value digital content.
Oxford University Press (OUP) declared ‘Brain Rot’ as the Oxford Word of the Year 2024.
The selection was made through public voting, with over 37,000 votes cast.
·Public Vote:
Participatory process involved global voting on a shortlist curated by language experts.
‘Brain Rot’ won against contenders like ‘heat domes’, ‘neurospicy’, ‘demure’, ‘dynamic pricing’, ‘lore’, and ‘romantasy.’
Historical Context:
Previous winners include ‘Goblin Mode’ (2022) and ‘Climate Emergency’ (2019).
Words of the Year are chosen for their cultural relevance, frequency of use, and resonance with global concerns.
Rationale Behind the Selection:
Reflects societal concerns about the impact of technology on human thought processes and mental health. Usage surged with trends like ‘digital detox’ and discussions about mental health and screen time.
Resonates particularly with younger audiences, using accessible and relatable language.
Cultural Significance:
Recognizes the growing discourse on digital habits and their cognitive impacts. Signals a shift towards prioritizing mental well-being in the digital age.
Encourages introspection about balanced content consumption.
Hence, Option (b) is the correct answer. Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/brain-rot-named-oxford-word-of-the-year-2024-what-does-it- mean/article68942142.ece#cxrecs_s -
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Q4. Consider the following statements about the Asia Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users’ Conference (AOMSUC):
1.The first AOMSUC was held in 2005 in India.
2.It aims to primarily focus only on enhancing satellite technology.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context:
The 14th Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users’ Conference (AOMSUC-14) is being held from December 4-6, 2024, in New Delhi, India.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first AOMSUC was held in Beijing, China, in 2010. Since then, it has been hosted annually in various locations across Asia-Oceania. The AOMSUC has become a premier event for meteorologists, earth scientists, satellite operators, and students from across the region and the globe.
This year’s conference is hosted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences, and it will feature high-quality oral and poster presentations, panel discussions, and a training workshop focused on applying current satellite data for meteorological and climatological applications.
Statement 2 is incorrect:
The conference aims to:
•Promote the importance of satellite observations
•Advanced satellite remote sensing science
•Provide a platform for dialogue and collaboration between satellite operators and users
•Inform the community about the current status and future plans of international space programs
•Encourage the development of new technologies for weather satellite sensing
•Engage young scientists in the field
The14th Asia OceaniaMeteorologicalSatelliteUsers’Conferencepromisestobeavaluableeventfor all thoseinterestedintheuseof satellitesfor weather,climate,andenvironmental applications.
The AOMSUC will be preceded by a two-day international training workshop on the 2nd and 3rd of DecemberatIMD,New Delhi. Therewillbe70 traineesfrom differentcountries,including India.
The AOMSUC will be followed by an international coordination meeting of members of Regional Association (RA)-IIand RA- Vcountriesat IMD, NewDelhi, onthe7th of December 2024.Allthese events will help in international coordination and capacity building for the important application of satellite products in weather and climate forecasting and services.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2079584Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context:
The 14th Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users’ Conference (AOMSUC-14) is being held from December 4-6, 2024, in New Delhi, India.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first AOMSUC was held in Beijing, China, in 2010. Since then, it has been hosted annually in various locations across Asia-Oceania. The AOMSUC has become a premier event for meteorologists, earth scientists, satellite operators, and students from across the region and the globe.
This year’s conference is hosted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences, and it will feature high-quality oral and poster presentations, panel discussions, and a training workshop focused on applying current satellite data for meteorological and climatological applications.
Statement 2 is incorrect:
The conference aims to:
•Promote the importance of satellite observations
•Advanced satellite remote sensing science
•Provide a platform for dialogue and collaboration between satellite operators and users
•Inform the community about the current status and future plans of international space programs
•Encourage the development of new technologies for weather satellite sensing
•Engage young scientists in the field
The14th Asia OceaniaMeteorologicalSatelliteUsers’Conferencepromisestobeavaluableeventfor all thoseinterestedintheuseof satellitesfor weather,climate,andenvironmental applications.
The AOMSUC will be preceded by a two-day international training workshop on the 2nd and 3rd of DecemberatIMD,New Delhi. Therewillbe70 traineesfrom differentcountries,including India.
The AOMSUC will be followed by an international coordination meeting of members of Regional Association (RA)-IIand RA- Vcountriesat IMD, NewDelhi, onthe7th of December 2024.Allthese events will help in international coordination and capacity building for the important application of satellite products in weather and climate forecasting and services.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2079584 -
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
Q5. Consider the following statements about extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA):
1.It is inherited according to the traditional laws of genetics and is always passed down to offspring.
2.It can be found in various living organisms, including humans.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) has emerged as a groundbreaking area in cancer biology, challenging foundational genetic principles and
offering new insights into cancer progression and drug resistance.
Statement 1 is correct: Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) does not follow Mendelian inheritance laws. Instead, ecDNA is circular DNA that exists outside the chromosomes, often in the cytoplasm. Its inheritance is typically non-Mendelian, as it can be segregated unevenly during cell division or not passed down at all. This challenges the traditional laws of genetics.
Statement 2 is correct: Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is any DNA that is found off the chromosomes (either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell). It is found in various cell lines and in the cells of tissues and organisms, including humans, mice, rats, hamsters, monkeys, Xenopus, Drosophila and plants.
Formation of ecDNA:
There are some natural processes that can damage DNA. For example, in some cancers, chromothripsis occurs (the chromosomes are broken
and rearranged). Cells can also make mistakes when making new copies of DNA.
Such processes could cause a small part of the DNA to break away from the main chromosome and form a circular structure that floats freely inside the nucleus. This is ecDNA.
New Research related to ecDNA:
Early observation: ecDNA was discovered in cancer cells around 50 years ago. At that time, it was believed to be present in only 1.4% of tumours, and so was ignored.
Later observations: More sophisticated genomic techniques later revealed that ecDNA is present in nearly 40% of cancer cell lines and in up to
90% in patient-derived brain tumour samples, revealing its pivotal role in cancer biology.
ecDNA and Cancer growth: (Gist: ecDNA may amplify oncogene expression and thus, lead to higher prevalence of Cancer)
ecDNA present in tumours often contains multiple copies of oncogenes (mutated genes capable of causing cancer) that are required to activate tumour growth.
Unlike chromosomal DNA (which is fixed), ecDNA moves freely and can interact with other ecDNA to form hubs (concentrated zones where oncogenes are highly expressed).
During the transcription process (when cells transcribe ecDNA to mRNA), ecDNA amplifies oncogene expression, making certain
oncogenes become four-times more abundant in the cell, than if the DNA came from the chromosomes.
This anomaly can cause rapid evolution of tumours, onset & spread of cancer and cause drug-resistance. Additionally, the prevalence of ecDNA rose after treatments like chemotherapy and could lead to cancer relapse.
Cell-free DNA:
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are the fragments of DNA found in bodily fluids (such as blood, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid).
They are released into the bloodstream by cells that underwent programmed cell death or an unplanned cell death (due to any injury or
disease).
These degraded (non-functional) fragments of nucleic acids do not possess the ability to replicate or carry out cellular processes.
However, cfDNA can carry genetic information from the cells they originated from, making them a valuable source for various applications.
Important applications of cfDNA:
Non-invasive prenatal testing to screen for chromosomal abnormalities in a developing foetus like Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome etc. Aid in early-cancer detection by providing information about genetic mutations and alterations present in tumour cells.
Aid in diagnosis of infectious diseases and in forensics.
Used as a biomarker for neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease etc.
Provide an early indication of graft rejection in patients who underwent organ transplants.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA):
Some DNA is also present in the mitochondria (mtDNA).
Mitochondria are cellular organelles found in the cytoplasm.
They are called powerhouse of the cell as they generate most of the cell’s energy currency- ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
In humans, mtDNA is circular and much smaller (about 16,500 base pairs) compared to nuclear DNA. mtDNA codes for a small number of genes, essential for the proper functioning of mitochondria.
Inheritance: mtDNA is inherited almost exclusively from the mother. (Nuclear DNA comes from both parents)
Mitochondrial DNA is more prone to mutations compared to nuclear DNA as it is exposed to free radicals generated during energy production, which can damage DNA.
When Mitochondria are impaired they do not produce sufficient energy. It causes inherited conditions like heart problems, liver failure, brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy. There is no cure for mitochondrial DNA diseases at present.
Mitochondrial Donation Treatment (three parent baby): Mitochondrial donation involves replacing unhealthy mitochondria in the mother with healthy mitochondria from a donor through in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). This would avoid passing faulty mitochondria to the child.
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/extrachromosomal-dna-challenges-law-of-genetics-groundbreaking- studies/article68941909.ece/amp/Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) has emerged as a groundbreaking area in cancer biology, challenging foundational genetic principles and
offering new insights into cancer progression and drug resistance.
Statement 1 is correct: Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) does not follow Mendelian inheritance laws. Instead, ecDNA is circular DNA that exists outside the chromosomes, often in the cytoplasm. Its inheritance is typically non-Mendelian, as it can be segregated unevenly during cell division or not passed down at all. This challenges the traditional laws of genetics.
Statement 2 is correct: Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is any DNA that is found off the chromosomes (either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell). It is found in various cell lines and in the cells of tissues and organisms, including humans, mice, rats, hamsters, monkeys, Xenopus, Drosophila and plants.
Formation of ecDNA:
There are some natural processes that can damage DNA. For example, in some cancers, chromothripsis occurs (the chromosomes are broken
and rearranged). Cells can also make mistakes when making new copies of DNA.
Such processes could cause a small part of the DNA to break away from the main chromosome and form a circular structure that floats freely inside the nucleus. This is ecDNA.
New Research related to ecDNA:
Early observation: ecDNA was discovered in cancer cells around 50 years ago. At that time, it was believed to be present in only 1.4% of tumours, and so was ignored.
Later observations: More sophisticated genomic techniques later revealed that ecDNA is present in nearly 40% of cancer cell lines and in up to
90% in patient-derived brain tumour samples, revealing its pivotal role in cancer biology.
ecDNA and Cancer growth: (Gist: ecDNA may amplify oncogene expression and thus, lead to higher prevalence of Cancer)
ecDNA present in tumours often contains multiple copies of oncogenes (mutated genes capable of causing cancer) that are required to activate tumour growth.
Unlike chromosomal DNA (which is fixed), ecDNA moves freely and can interact with other ecDNA to form hubs (concentrated zones where oncogenes are highly expressed).
During the transcription process (when cells transcribe ecDNA to mRNA), ecDNA amplifies oncogene expression, making certain
oncogenes become four-times more abundant in the cell, than if the DNA came from the chromosomes.
This anomaly can cause rapid evolution of tumours, onset & spread of cancer and cause drug-resistance. Additionally, the prevalence of ecDNA rose after treatments like chemotherapy and could lead to cancer relapse.
Cell-free DNA:
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are the fragments of DNA found in bodily fluids (such as blood, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid).
They are released into the bloodstream by cells that underwent programmed cell death or an unplanned cell death (due to any injury or
disease).
These degraded (non-functional) fragments of nucleic acids do not possess the ability to replicate or carry out cellular processes.
However, cfDNA can carry genetic information from the cells they originated from, making them a valuable source for various applications.
Important applications of cfDNA:
Non-invasive prenatal testing to screen for chromosomal abnormalities in a developing foetus like Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome etc. Aid in early-cancer detection by providing information about genetic mutations and alterations present in tumour cells.
Aid in diagnosis of infectious diseases and in forensics.
Used as a biomarker for neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease etc.
Provide an early indication of graft rejection in patients who underwent organ transplants.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA):
Some DNA is also present in the mitochondria (mtDNA).
Mitochondria are cellular organelles found in the cytoplasm.
They are called powerhouse of the cell as they generate most of the cell’s energy currency- ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
In humans, mtDNA is circular and much smaller (about 16,500 base pairs) compared to nuclear DNA. mtDNA codes for a small number of genes, essential for the proper functioning of mitochondria.
Inheritance: mtDNA is inherited almost exclusively from the mother. (Nuclear DNA comes from both parents)
Mitochondrial DNA is more prone to mutations compared to nuclear DNA as it is exposed to free radicals generated during energy production, which can damage DNA.
When Mitochondria are impaired they do not produce sufficient energy. It causes inherited conditions like heart problems, liver failure, brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy. There is no cure for mitochondrial DNA diseases at present.
Mitochondrial Donation Treatment (three parent baby): Mitochondrial donation involves replacing unhealthy mitochondria in the mother with healthy mitochondria from a donor through in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). This would avoid passing faulty mitochondria to the child.
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/extrachromosomal-dna-challenges-law-of-genetics-groundbreaking- studies/article68941909.ece/amp/ -
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
Q6. Consider the following statements about the KIWA Initiative:
1.The KIWA Initiative is a global effort aimed at improving the quality of water in developing countries through advanced filtration technologies.
2.The initiative is organised by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Which of the following statements is/areCorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context:
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Oceania Regional Office is proud to announce significant progress under the Kiwa Initiative, revealed during the 9th Kiwa Steering Committee Meeting at the Novotel Hotel in Lami on November 27th and 28th, 2024.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The KIWA Initiative is not primarily focused on water filtration technologies or improving water quality globally. Instead, it is a regional initiative aimed at promoting climate resilience in the Pacific region. It focuses on supporting local governments, civil society, and communities in addressing climate change and biodiversity loss. The initiative emphasizes sustainable management of natural resources rather than water filtration.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The KIWA Initiative is not organized by the WHO. It is coordinated by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and supported by various international partners such as the European Union, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), and others. WHO is not directly involved in organizing or managing the initiative.
Thus, the correct answer is (d).
Source:
https://iucn.org/news/202412/iucn-oceania-highlights-success-and-collaboration-kiwa-initiativeIncorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context:
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Oceania Regional Office is proud to announce significant progress under the Kiwa Initiative, revealed during the 9th Kiwa Steering Committee Meeting at the Novotel Hotel in Lami on November 27th and 28th, 2024.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The KIWA Initiative is not primarily focused on water filtration technologies or improving water quality globally. Instead, it is a regional initiative aimed at promoting climate resilience in the Pacific region. It focuses on supporting local governments, civil society, and communities in addressing climate change and biodiversity loss. The initiative emphasizes sustainable management of natural resources rather than water filtration.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The KIWA Initiative is not organized by the WHO. It is coordinated by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and supported by various international partners such as the European Union, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), and others. WHO is not directly involved in organizing or managing the initiative.
Thus, the correct answer is (d).
Source:
https://iucn.org/news/202412/iucn-oceania-highlights-success-and-collaboration-kiwa-initiative -
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
Q7. What is the primary objective of the Ayush Oushadhi Gunvatta Evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
Recently, the union Minister of State (I/C) for Ayush informed the Rajya Sabha about the Ayush Oushadhi Gunvatta evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana.
The Ayush Oushadhi Gunvatta evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana is a Central Sector Scheme formulated by the Ministry of
Ayush.
It aims to regulate Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy (ASU&H) medicines in India, utilizing the framework provided by the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940, and its associated rules.
Objectives of the Scheme
To enhance India’s manufacturing capabilities and exports of traditional medicines and health promotion products under the initiative of Atmanirbhar Bharat.
To facilitate adequate infrastructural & technological upgradation and institutional activities in public and private sector for
standardization, quality manufacturing and analytical testing of Ayush drugs & materials.
To strengthen regulatory frameworks at Central and State level for effective quality control, safety monitoring and surveillance of misleading advertisements of Ayush drugs.
To encourage building up synergies, collaborations and convergent approaches for promoting standards and quality of Ayush drugs & materials.
Components
Strengthening and up-gradation of Ayush Pharmacies and Drug Testing Laboratories to achieve higher standards.
Pharmacovigilance of ASU&H drugs including surveillance of misleading advertisements.
Strengthening of Central and State regulatory frameworks including Technical Human Resource & Capacity Building programs for Ayush drugs.
Support for development of standards and accreditation/ certification of Ayush products & materials in collaboration with BIS, QCI and other relevant scientific institutions and industrial R&D centres
Hence, Option (b) is the correct answer.
Source:
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2080167Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context:
Recently, the union Minister of State (I/C) for Ayush informed the Rajya Sabha about the Ayush Oushadhi Gunvatta evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana.
The Ayush Oushadhi Gunvatta evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana is a Central Sector Scheme formulated by the Ministry of
Ayush.
It aims to regulate Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy (ASU&H) medicines in India, utilizing the framework provided by the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940, and its associated rules.
Objectives of the Scheme
To enhance India’s manufacturing capabilities and exports of traditional medicines and health promotion products under the initiative of Atmanirbhar Bharat.
To facilitate adequate infrastructural & technological upgradation and institutional activities in public and private sector for
standardization, quality manufacturing and analytical testing of Ayush drugs & materials.
To strengthen regulatory frameworks at Central and State level for effective quality control, safety monitoring and surveillance of misleading advertisements of Ayush drugs.
To encourage building up synergies, collaborations and convergent approaches for promoting standards and quality of Ayush drugs & materials.
Components
Strengthening and up-gradation of Ayush Pharmacies and Drug Testing Laboratories to achieve higher standards.
Pharmacovigilance of ASU&H drugs including surveillance of misleading advertisements.
Strengthening of Central and State regulatory frameworks including Technical Human Resource & Capacity Building programs for Ayush drugs.
Support for development of standards and accreditation/ certification of Ayush products & materials in collaboration with BIS, QCI and other relevant scientific institutions and industrial R&D centres
Hence, Option (b) is the correct answer.
Source:
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2080167 -
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
Q8. Consider the following statements regarding the Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant System (LISA):
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Context:
Recently, the union Railway minister inaugurated the Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant (LISA) system.
Statement 1 is correct: The Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant System (LISA) is a system that enhances the efficiency and accuracy of inspecting and sorting hospital linens. It is an Artificial Intelligence-based system. It uses automated processes or technology to streamline linen management, ensuring clean and hygienic linen is available for use in healthcare facilities.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It was developed by the Pune division of Indian Railways and installed in Ghorpadi Integrated Coaching Complex (GICC).
Statement 3 is incorrect: The LISA is relevant to healthcare linen management; it is not officially designated as a government initiative under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is a system that hospitals may adopt, but there is no government-led initiative specifically under this Ministry.
It inspects and sorts linens such as bed sheets and towels provided to passengers in the air-conditioned coaches. The LISA system is an advanced AI-based automation machine designed to ensure 100% quality inspection of bed sheets used in trains.
It ensures 100% quality inspection and performs thorough checks to detect and segregate substandard linens. Advanced AI algorithms ensure precise and reliable inspection results. And it can process large volumes of linens quickly, significantly improving operational efficiency.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence refers to machines performing human-like tasks.
Its main components are Machine Learning algorithms that train on data, Neural Networks that mimic the brain’s structure, and Natural Language Processing that understands human language.
AI systems work by taking inputs, processing them with algorithms, and providing intelligent outputs that mimic human cognition and reasoning abilities.
Source:
https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Dec/02/railways-launches-ai-based-bedroll-inspection-techIncorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Context:
Recently, the union Railway minister inaugurated the Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant (LISA) system.
Statement 1 is correct: The Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant System (LISA) is a system that enhances the efficiency and accuracy of inspecting and sorting hospital linens. It is an Artificial Intelligence-based system. It uses automated processes or technology to streamline linen management, ensuring clean and hygienic linen is available for use in healthcare facilities.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It was developed by the Pune division of Indian Railways and installed in Ghorpadi Integrated Coaching Complex (GICC).
Statement 3 is incorrect: The LISA is relevant to healthcare linen management; it is not officially designated as a government initiative under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is a system that hospitals may adopt, but there is no government-led initiative specifically under this Ministry.
It inspects and sorts linens such as bed sheets and towels provided to passengers in the air-conditioned coaches. The LISA system is an advanced AI-based automation machine designed to ensure 100% quality inspection of bed sheets used in trains.
It ensures 100% quality inspection and performs thorough checks to detect and segregate substandard linens. Advanced AI algorithms ensure precise and reliable inspection results. And it can process large volumes of linens quickly, significantly improving operational efficiency.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence refers to machines performing human-like tasks.
Its main components are Machine Learning algorithms that train on data, Neural Networks that mimic the brain’s structure, and Natural Language Processing that understands human language.
AI systems work by taking inputs, processing them with algorithms, and providing intelligent outputs that mimic human cognition and reasoning abilities.
Source:
https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Dec/02/railways-launches-ai-based-bedroll-inspection-tech -
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
Q9. Consider the following statements regarding PARAKHRashtriya Sarvekshan:
1.This is a complementary survey aiding the goals of Swachh Sarvekshan Survey for promoting cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in villages, cities and towns across India.
2.The exercise is launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context: Around 23 lakh students from 88 thousand schools in 782 districts participated in the PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024.
Explanation: Both the Statements are incorrect About PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan:
·Nodal Ministry: The Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education.
Ø So, Statement 1 is incorrect.
·Implementing Agencies: NCERT and the CBSE
·Earlier, it was known as the National Achievement Survey (NAS).
·Objective: The survey assesses school students’ learning achievements. A sample of school students from government, government-aided and private schools from each district in the country take the assessment, which is in the form of multiple-choice questions across different subjects.
Ø So, Statement 1 is incorrect.
·The NCERT has been conducting these national-level surveys to capture learning, every three years from 2001 onwards, with students of Classes 3, 5 and 8 being involved in the assessment.
Ø In 2014-15, Class 10 students were involved for the first time.
Ø The 2017 and 2021 assessments were also done for Class 3, 5, 8 and 10.
·The survey provides report cards at the national level, the state level and the district level.
·In 2021, at the national level, it gave the average performance of students in terms of a score out of 500 in each
subject.
Ø The state report card, prepared for each state, provided the percentage of students in the state by ‘proficiency level’ in each subject.
Ø These proficiency levels are below basic, basic, proficient, and advanced.
·It also provides this figure by gender, location (urban/rural), and social group (SC/ST/OBC/general). Source: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2080272Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Context: Around 23 lakh students from 88 thousand schools in 782 districts participated in the PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024.
Explanation: Both the Statements are incorrect About PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan:
·Nodal Ministry: The Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education.
Ø So, Statement 1 is incorrect.
·Implementing Agencies: NCERT and the CBSE
·Earlier, it was known as the National Achievement Survey (NAS).
·Objective: The survey assesses school students’ learning achievements. A sample of school students from government, government-aided and private schools from each district in the country take the assessment, which is in the form of multiple-choice questions across different subjects.
Ø So, Statement 1 is incorrect.
·The NCERT has been conducting these national-level surveys to capture learning, every three years from 2001 onwards, with students of Classes 3, 5 and 8 being involved in the assessment.
Ø In 2014-15, Class 10 students were involved for the first time.
Ø The 2017 and 2021 assessments were also done for Class 3, 5, 8 and 10.
·The survey provides report cards at the national level, the state level and the district level.
·In 2021, at the national level, it gave the average performance of students in terms of a score out of 500 in each
subject.
Ø The state report card, prepared for each state, provided the percentage of students in the state by ‘proficiency level’ in each subject.
Ø These proficiency levels are below basic, basic, proficient, and advanced.
·It also provides this figure by gender, location (urban/rural), and social group (SC/ST/OBC/general). Source: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2080272 -
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
Q10. The Erasmus Prize is one of the most prestigious cultural awards in the world. Consider the following statements:
1.It is awarded to both individuals and organizations that contribute to bridging gaps between different cultural, social, or intellectual communities.
2.The selection of recipients aligns strictly with promoting European heritage and excludes global or interdisciplinary contributions.
3.The awardee is expected to reflect ideals such as tolerance, dialogue, and mutual understanding, which are core tenets of Renaissance humanism.
4.It includes a monetary reward, which is solely intended to support the recipient’s further work in their recognized field.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Context: Indian author Amitav Ghosh won the Erasmus Prize for writings on Climate Change.
Statement 1 Correct: The Erasmus Prize is awarded to individuals or organisations whose work fosters
connections between different cultural, social, or intellectual communities, aligning with its aim of
promoting unity and dialogue across diverse domains.
Statement 2 Incorrect: Although the prize draws inspiration from European Renaissance humanism, it is not restricted to contributions promoting only European heritage. The award recognizes global achievements that embody interdisciplinary approaches and universal values.
Statement 3 Correct: The Erasmus Prize specifically reflects the ideals of Desiderius Erasmus, such as tolerance, dialogue, and mutual understanding, making these values central to the selection process. Statement 4 Incorrect: While the Erasmus Prize includes a monetary component (currently €150,000), its purpose is broader than supporting future work. It serves primarily to honor the recipient’s exceptional contributions, regardless of whether the funds are reinvested in their field.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/books/look-east-amitav-ghosh-tells-the-story-of-the-past-present-and-with-dread-the-future/article68946756.eceIncorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Context: Indian author Amitav Ghosh won the Erasmus Prize for writings on Climate Change.
Statement 1 Correct: The Erasmus Prize is awarded to individuals or organisations whose work fosters
connections between different cultural, social, or intellectual communities, aligning with its aim of
promoting unity and dialogue across diverse domains.
Statement 2 Incorrect: Although the prize draws inspiration from European Renaissance humanism, it is not restricted to contributions promoting only European heritage. The award recognizes global achievements that embody interdisciplinary approaches and universal values.
Statement 3 Correct: The Erasmus Prize specifically reflects the ideals of Desiderius Erasmus, such as tolerance, dialogue, and mutual understanding, making these values central to the selection process. Statement 4 Incorrect: While the Erasmus Prize includes a monetary component (currently €150,000), its purpose is broader than supporting future work. It serves primarily to honor the recipient’s exceptional contributions, regardless of whether the funds are reinvested in their field.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/books/look-east-amitav-ghosh-tells-the-story-of-the-past-present-and-with-dread-the-future/article68946756.ece
