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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1. With reference to the 4-D Printing technology, the ‘4th dimension’ refers to:
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation
4D Printing is referred to as 3D printing transforming over time. A 4D printed object is printed just like any 3D printed shape. Thus, a fourth dimension is added: time. So, the big breakthrough about 4D Printing over 3D Printing technology is its ability to change shape over time. The difference is that the 4D Printing technology uses programmable and advanced materials that perform a different functionality by adding hot water, light or heat. That’s why a non-living object can change its 3D shape and behavior over time.
4D printing technology uses commercial 3D printers, such as Polyjet 3D printers. The input is a “smart material”, that can be either a hydrogel or a shape memory polymer.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation
4D Printing is referred to as 3D printing transforming over time. A 4D printed object is printed just like any 3D printed shape. Thus, a fourth dimension is added: time. So, the big breakthrough about 4D Printing over 3D Printing technology is its ability to change shape over time. The difference is that the 4D Printing technology uses programmable and advanced materials that perform a different functionality by adding hot water, light or heat. That’s why a non-living object can change its 3D shape and behavior over time.
4D printing technology uses commercial 3D printers, such as Polyjet 3D printers. The input is a “smart material”, that can be either a hydrogel or a shape memory polymer.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2. Which of the following capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was demonstrated under ‘Project Q*’, that was in the news recently?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation
Q* Project is a breakthrough AI programme by OpenAI, the company which owns ChatGPT. Q* is essentially an algorithm that is capable of solving elementary mathematical problems by itself, including those that are not part of its training data. This makes it a significant leap towards the much anticipated Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – a hypothetical capability of AI that makes it perform any intellectual task that the human brain can do. However, this technological breakthrough also triggered some fears among staff who felt that the AI company did not have enough safeguards in place to ‘commercialise’ such an advanced model which could threaten humanity.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation
Q* Project is a breakthrough AI programme by OpenAI, the company which owns ChatGPT. Q* is essentially an algorithm that is capable of solving elementary mathematical problems by itself, including those that are not part of its training data. This makes it a significant leap towards the much anticipated Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – a hypothetical capability of AI that makes it perform any intellectual task that the human brain can do. However, this technological breakthrough also triggered some fears among staff who felt that the AI company did not have enough safeguards in place to ‘commercialise’ such an advanced model which could threaten humanity. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
3. Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The Foucault’s pendulum is seen to change its orientation slowly over time.
Statement-II: Coriolis force, acting on the heavy bob, changes the direction of movement.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Foucault’s pendulum is a heavy object which is suspended from a pivot mounting that enables it to swing in any of an infinite number of vertical planes through the point of suspension. Thus, it is seen to change its orientation slowly over time. For example, if the initial motion imparted to it was in the north-south direction, after a few hours it could be seen moving in the east-west direction. The original Foucault’s pendulum, named after 19th century French scientist Leon Foucault, is a simple experiment to demonstrate the earth’s rotation. When Foucault carried out this experiment for the public in 1851, it was the first direct visual evidence of the fact that the earth rotates on its axis.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is the gravitational force and relative change in angular momentum which creates this phenomena that seems as if the pendulum is changing direction.
Both the Coriolis effect and the Foucault pendulum are due to conservation of angular momentum. However, the Coriolis effect acts only on objects that travel considerable distance over a rotating frame of reference. Since a Foucault pendulum does not move any distance, it is not subjected to the Coriolis effect.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Foucault’s pendulum is a heavy object which is suspended from a pivot mounting that enables it to swing in any of an infinite number of vertical planes through the point of suspension. Thus, it is seen to change its orientation slowly over time. For example, if the initial motion imparted to it was in the north-south direction, after a few hours it could be seen moving in the east-west direction. The original Foucault’s pendulum, named after 19th century French scientist Leon Foucault, is a simple experiment to demonstrate the earth’s rotation. When Foucault carried out this experiment for the public in 1851, it was the first direct visual evidence of the fact that the earth rotates on its axis.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is the gravitational force and relative change in angular momentum which creates this phenomena that seems as if the pendulum is changing direction.
Both the Coriolis effect and the Foucault pendulum are due to conservation of angular momentum. However, the Coriolis effect acts only on objects that travel considerable distance over a rotating frame of reference. Since a Foucault pendulum does not move any distance, it is not subjected to the Coriolis effect. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
4. With reference to the quantum dots, consider the following statements:
1. They are semiconductor particles with opto-electronic properties.
2. Infrared light is used to excite electrons to higher energy levels.
3. The colour characteristics of emitted light depend upon the size of the quantum dot.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor particles which are a few nanometres in size with optical and electronic properties. One of the most typical applications is for displays, including televisions, and smartphones. Quantum dots provide greatly enhanced colors for displays due to the high level of fine-tuning possible. They also help to improve quality control of displays, reducing the risk of variations.
Statement 2 is incorrect: When a quantum dot is illuminated by UV light, an electron in the quantum dot can be excited to a state of higher energy levels.
Statement 3 is correct: When semiconductor particles are made small enough, they exhibit quantum size effects, which restrict the energies at which electrons and holes (the absence of electrons) can exist within the particle. As energy is linked to wavelength (or color), this results in the optical properties of the particle being tunable based on its size. The longest wavelengths of light (red light) are produced by the biggest quantum dots, and the shortest wavelengths of light (blue light) are generated by the smallest quantum dots.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor particles which are a few nanometres in size with optical and electronic properties. One of the most typical applications is for displays, including televisions, and smartphones. Quantum dots provide greatly enhanced colors for displays due to the high level of fine-tuning possible. They also help to improve quality control of displays, reducing the risk of variations.
Statement 2 is incorrect: When a quantum dot is illuminated by UV light, an electron in the quantum dot can be excited to a state of higher energy levels.
Statement 3 is correct: When semiconductor particles are made small enough, they exhibit quantum size effects, which restrict the energies at which electrons and holes (the absence of electrons) can exist within the particle. As energy is linked to wavelength (or color), this results in the optical properties of the particle being tunable based on its size. The longest wavelengths of light (red light) are produced by the biggest quantum dots, and the shortest wavelengths of light (blue light) are generated by the smallest quantum dots. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
5. ‘Project Taara’, recently seen in the news, is related to which one of the following?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation
The project known as Taara is part of Alphabet’s innovation lab called X, also nicknamed the “Moonshot Factory.” It uses wireless optical communication technology to beam the internet on earth. The technology is formally known as free-space optical communication (FSOC).
It is effectively a fiber optic Internet without the cables, beamed between base stations the size of a traffic light.
Taara transmits information between terminals at speeds of up to 20 gigabits per second as a very narrow, invisible beam of light.
In India, Bharti Airtel will deploy a series of terminals to relay information where fiber networks aren’t cost-effective.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation
The project known as Taara is part of Alphabet’s innovation lab called X, also nicknamed the “Moonshot Factory.” It uses wireless optical communication technology to beam the internet on earth. The technology is formally known as free-space optical communication (FSOC).
It is effectively a fiber optic Internet without the cables, beamed between base stations the size of a traffic light.
Taara transmits information between terminals at speeds of up to 20 gigabits per second as a very narrow, invisible beam of light.
In India, Bharti Airtel will deploy a series of terminals to relay information where fiber networks aren’t cost-effective.
