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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1. The replica of the Konark wheel served as the backdrop when the Prime Minister of India welcomed G-20 leaders at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi during G20 Summit. Consider the following statements about Konark Sun temple:
1. It was built in the 13th century by King Anantavarman of the Chodaganga dynasty.
2. It is built in the Kalinga style of architecture, which is a subset of the Nagara style of temple architecture.
3. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
4. The temple was called ‘White Pagoda’ in some of the European sailors’ accounts.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Context: The Prime Minister of India welcomed the G-20 leaders by showing them an attractive image of the Konark Chakra of Odisha. This year, the theme was ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ – One Earth. One Family. One Future.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Hindu Sun temple located at Konark, about 35 kilometres northeast of Puri city on the coast of Puri district, Odisha, India. The temple was built around 1250 CE by King Narasimha Deva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
● Statement 2 is correct: Dedicated to the Hindu sun god Surya, the ruins of the temple complex look like a 100-foot-high chariot with huge wheels and horses, all carved out of stone. It is famous for its intricate structures, artwork, iconography and themes including erotic Kama and Mithun scenes. Also called the Surya Devalaya, it is a classic illustration of the Odisha architectural style or Kalinga architecture.
● Statement 3 is correct: It was placed in the World Heritage Site list by UNESCO in 1984, The Konark Sun Temple is depicted on the reverse side of the Rs.10 Indian currency note to signify its significance to Indian cultural heritage.
It remains a major pilgrimage site for Hindus, who gather here every year in the month of February for the Chandrabhaga Fair
● Statement 4 is incorrect: The Konark Sun Temple, located in the Bay of Bengal, was called the “Black Pagoda” by European sailors because it looked like a vast layered tower that appeared black. Similarly, the Jagannath Temple in Puri was called the “White Pagoda”. Both temples were essential landmarks for European sailors in the Bay of Bengal.Incorrect
Answer: B
Context: The Prime Minister of India welcomed the G-20 leaders by showing them an attractive image of the Konark Chakra of Odisha. This year, the theme was ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ – One Earth. One Family. One Future.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Hindu Sun temple located at Konark, about 35 kilometres northeast of Puri city on the coast of Puri district, Odisha, India. The temple was built around 1250 CE by King Narasimha Deva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
● Statement 2 is correct: Dedicated to the Hindu sun god Surya, the ruins of the temple complex look like a 100-foot-high chariot with huge wheels and horses, all carved out of stone. It is famous for its intricate structures, artwork, iconography and themes including erotic Kama and Mithun scenes. Also called the Surya Devalaya, it is a classic illustration of the Odisha architectural style or Kalinga architecture.
● Statement 3 is correct: It was placed in the World Heritage Site list by UNESCO in 1984, The Konark Sun Temple is depicted on the reverse side of the Rs.10 Indian currency note to signify its significance to Indian cultural heritage.
It remains a major pilgrimage site for Hindus, who gather here every year in the month of February for the Chandrabhaga Fair
● Statement 4 is incorrect: The Konark Sun Temple, located in the Bay of Bengal, was called the “Black Pagoda” by European sailors because it looked like a vast layered tower that appeared black. Similarly, the Jagannath Temple in Puri was called the “White Pagoda”. Both temples were essential landmarks for European sailors in the Bay of Bengal. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2. ‘Statue of Oneness’ of Adi Shankaracharya has been unveiled at Omkareshwar, Madhya Pradesh. Which of the following statements correctly describes the philosophy propounded by Adi Shankaracharya:
Correct
Answer: B
Context: Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister unveiled the 108-foot-tall ‘Statue of Oneness’ of Adi Shankaracharya at Omkareshwar on September 21, 2023. The statue depicts Shankaracharya as a 12-year-old child when he is said to have visited Omkareshwar.
Explanation:
Adi Shankaracharya is the founder of philosophy of Advaita Vedanta which states that Atman and Brahman are the same and knowing this difference causes liberation.
Advaita Vedanta
● Advaita Vedanta is the oldest extant sub-school of Vedanta – an orthodox school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice. Advaita Darsana (philosophies, world views, teachings) is one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.
● The founder or chief exponent of this school is ADI SHANKARACHARYA (8th century CE). Shankaracharya systematized and significantly developed the works of preceding philosophers into a cohesive philosophy.
● In its philosophical formulation, Advaita Vedanta interprets these texts in a non-dualistic manner for its theories of moksha.
● It postulates that the true Self – individual soul, Atman (Atman), is the same as the highest reality, Brahman. The phenomenal world is described as an illusory appearance that is other than the real as well as the unreal (sadasadvilakṣaṇa).
● Advaitins, the followers of Advaita darsana, therefore, seek Jivanmukti – a liberation, release, or freedom that is achieved in this lifetime – by the realization (vidya) that Atman and Brahman are identical.
Additional information:
● Adi Shankara or Adi Shankaracharya was an 8th-century Indian philosopher and theologian, considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Hinduism. He is believed to be born in Kalady village in Kerala.
● Initiated into studies by Govindacharya, Shankara travelled extensively, challenging philosophical traditions, and establishing mathas.
● Shankaracharya Jayanti is celebrated every year to mark the birth anniversary of the Indian guru and philosopher Adi Shankaracharya. It is the Panchami Tithi of the Shukla Paksha in the month of Vaishakha, according to the Hindu calendar.
Key Contributions:
● Systematized Advaita Vedanta: Provided a framework for understanding the non-dualistic nature of reality.
● Illuminating Hindu Scripture: Authored 116 works, including commentaries on Upanishads, Brahmasutra, and the Bhagavad Gita.
● Promoted Bhakti movement: Emphasised the importance of devotion and surrender to God, paving the way for later devotional movements.
Mathas:
● The four mathas are in Dwarka (Gujarat), Joshimath (Uttarakhand), Puri (Odisha), and Sringeri (Karnataka). They serve as religious shrines, temples, libraries, and residences.
● They play a crucial role in preserving and propagating Shankara’s tradition.Incorrect
Answer: B
Context: Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister unveiled the 108-foot-tall ‘Statue of Oneness’ of Adi Shankaracharya at Omkareshwar on September 21, 2023. The statue depicts Shankaracharya as a 12-year-old child when he is said to have visited Omkareshwar.
Explanation:
Adi Shankaracharya is the founder of philosophy of Advaita Vedanta which states that Atman and Brahman are the same and knowing this difference causes liberation.
Advaita Vedanta
● Advaita Vedanta is the oldest extant sub-school of Vedanta – an orthodox school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice. Advaita Darsana (philosophies, world views, teachings) is one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.
● The founder or chief exponent of this school is ADI SHANKARACHARYA (8th century CE). Shankaracharya systematized and significantly developed the works of preceding philosophers into a cohesive philosophy.
● In its philosophical formulation, Advaita Vedanta interprets these texts in a non-dualistic manner for its theories of moksha.
● It postulates that the true Self – individual soul, Atman (Atman), is the same as the highest reality, Brahman. The phenomenal world is described as an illusory appearance that is other than the real as well as the unreal (sadasadvilakṣaṇa).
● Advaitins, the followers of Advaita darsana, therefore, seek Jivanmukti – a liberation, release, or freedom that is achieved in this lifetime – by the realization (vidya) that Atman and Brahman are identical.
Additional information:
● Adi Shankara or Adi Shankaracharya was an 8th-century Indian philosopher and theologian, considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Hinduism. He is believed to be born in Kalady village in Kerala.
● Initiated into studies by Govindacharya, Shankara travelled extensively, challenging philosophical traditions, and establishing mathas.
● Shankaracharya Jayanti is celebrated every year to mark the birth anniversary of the Indian guru and philosopher Adi Shankaracharya. It is the Panchami Tithi of the Shukla Paksha in the month of Vaishakha, according to the Hindu calendar.
Key Contributions:
● Systematized Advaita Vedanta: Provided a framework for understanding the non-dualistic nature of reality.
● Illuminating Hindu Scripture: Authored 116 works, including commentaries on Upanishads, Brahmasutra, and the Bhagavad Gita.
● Promoted Bhakti movement: Emphasised the importance of devotion and surrender to God, paving the way for later devotional movements.
Mathas:
● The four mathas are in Dwarka (Gujarat), Joshimath (Uttarakhand), Puri (Odisha), and Sringeri (Karnataka). They serve as religious shrines, temples, libraries, and residences.
● They play a crucial role in preserving and propagating Shankara’s tradition. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
3. Consider the following statements:
1. The UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) was established in 1975 for the promotion of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism.
2. It is headquartered in Madrid, Spain.
3. Dhordo in Rajasthan and Madla in Madhya Pradesh have been identified amongst the best tourism villages by UNWTO in 2023.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Context: Recently, the Prime Minister of India hailed the Dhordo village in Kutch district of Gujarat for being awarded as the Best Tourism Village by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: The UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) was established on 1 November 1975 with the objective of promoting tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability. It focuses on promoting responsible and sustainable tourism practices around the world.
• Statement 2 is correct: UN Tourism is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its headquarters is in Madrid, Spain. Its other offices are in Nara, Japan, and a Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific is located in Riyadh.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Dhordo in Kutch region of Gujarat has found a place in the list of 54 best tourist villages of 2023 announced by the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), while Madla in Panna district of Madhya Pradesh has been selected for the upgradation programme.Incorrect
Answer: B
Context: Recently, the Prime Minister of India hailed the Dhordo village in Kutch district of Gujarat for being awarded as the Best Tourism Village by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: The UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) was established on 1 November 1975 with the objective of promoting tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability. It focuses on promoting responsible and sustainable tourism practices around the world.
• Statement 2 is correct: UN Tourism is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its headquarters is in Madrid, Spain. Its other offices are in Nara, Japan, and a Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific is located in Riyadh.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Dhordo in Kutch region of Gujarat has found a place in the list of 54 best tourist villages of 2023 announced by the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), while Madla in Panna district of Madhya Pradesh has been selected for the upgradation programme. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
4. Consider the following statements about Anusandhan National Research Foundation (NRF):
1. It is set up under the law passed by the Parliament.
2. It will be an apex body to provide high-level strategic direction of scientific research in the country.
3. The Union education minister will be the ex-officio President of its governing body.
4. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) will be its administrative department.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Context: The central government has established the newly formed Research National Research Foundation (ANRF) under the National Research Foundation (ANRF) 2023 Act.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: The National Research Foundation (NRF) is established under a law passed by the Parliament of India. The NRF Act, 2021 was passed by the Parliament to create this foundation.
• Statement 2 is correct: The NRF is designed to serve as an apex body that provides strategic direction and funding support for scientific research and innovation in India. It aims to promote and fund high-quality research and innovation across disciplines.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: As per the provisions of the NRF Act, 2021, the Union Minister of Science and Technology will be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Governing Body of the NRF, and the Minister of Science and Technology is responsible for providing overall policy guidance to the NRF.
• Statement 4 is correct: While the NRF is closely linked to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in terms of coordination and synergy with existing scientific research institutions, the NRF itself functions independently as a statutory body. The NRF has its own administrative structure and functions independently from the DST.Incorrect
Answer: C
Context: The central government has established the newly formed Research National Research Foundation (ANRF) under the National Research Foundation (ANRF) 2023 Act.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: The National Research Foundation (NRF) is established under a law passed by the Parliament of India. The NRF Act, 2021 was passed by the Parliament to create this foundation.
• Statement 2 is correct: The NRF is designed to serve as an apex body that provides strategic direction and funding support for scientific research and innovation in India. It aims to promote and fund high-quality research and innovation across disciplines.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: As per the provisions of the NRF Act, 2021, the Union Minister of Science and Technology will be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Governing Body of the NRF, and the Minister of Science and Technology is responsible for providing overall policy guidance to the NRF.
• Statement 4 is correct: While the NRF is closely linked to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in terms of coordination and synergy with existing scientific research institutions, the NRF itself functions independently as a statutory body. The NRF has its own administrative structure and functions independently from the DST. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
5. Consider the following pairs:
Government schemes – Objectives
1. PM JANMAN – Welfare of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
2. PM NAMASTE – Safety of sanitation workers
3. PM SURAJ – Harnessing solar energy
How many of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?Correct
Answer: A
Context: In the Budget speech for 2023-24, it was announced to launch a Prime Minister PVTG Development Mission specifically to enhance the socio-economic ethos of the French tribal community.
Explanation:
Pairs 1 is correctly matched
PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri-Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan ) Scheme:
● Launched in 2023
● Ministry of rural development
● Aim of reaching out to 22000 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) majority tribal habituation and PVTG families in 200 districts across the country.
Pairs 2 is correctly matched
PM-NAMASTE (National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem) Scheme
● It was launched in 2022 as a Central Sector Scheme.
● It is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment (MoSJE) and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
o Five hundred cities (converging with AMRUT cities) will be taken up under this phase of NAMASTE. It will be implemented for the period 2022-26.
● Aims
o Zero fatalities in sanitation work in India.
o All sanitation work is performed by skilled workers.
o No sanitation workers come in direct contact with human faecal matter.
o Sanitation workers are collectivized into SHGs and are empowered to run sanitation enterprises.
o All Sewer and Septic tank sanitation workers (SSWs) have access to alternative livelihoods.
Pairs 3 is incorrectly matched
PM-SURAJ (Pradhan Mantri Samajik Utthan evam Rozgar Adharit Jankalyan) Scheme:
● Launched in 2024
● Ministry of social justice and empowerment
● Aim of uplift the most marginalised sections of society and provide credit assistance to one lakh entrepreneurs from disadvantaged communities.Incorrect
Answer: A
Context: In the Budget speech for 2023-24, it was announced to launch a Prime Minister PVTG Development Mission specifically to enhance the socio-economic ethos of the French tribal community.
Explanation:
Pairs 1 is correctly matched
PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri-Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan ) Scheme:
● Launched in 2023
● Ministry of rural development
● Aim of reaching out to 22000 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) majority tribal habituation and PVTG families in 200 districts across the country.
Pairs 2 is correctly matched
PM-NAMASTE (National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem) Scheme
● It was launched in 2022 as a Central Sector Scheme.
● It is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment (MoSJE) and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
o Five hundred cities (converging with AMRUT cities) will be taken up under this phase of NAMASTE. It will be implemented for the period 2022-26.
● Aims
o Zero fatalities in sanitation work in India.
o All sanitation work is performed by skilled workers.
o No sanitation workers come in direct contact with human faecal matter.
o Sanitation workers are collectivized into SHGs and are empowered to run sanitation enterprises.
o All Sewer and Septic tank sanitation workers (SSWs) have access to alternative livelihoods.
Pairs 3 is incorrectly matched
PM-SURAJ (Pradhan Mantri Samajik Utthan evam Rozgar Adharit Jankalyan) Scheme:
● Launched in 2024
● Ministry of social justice and empowerment
● Aim of uplift the most marginalised sections of society and provide credit assistance to one lakh entrepreneurs from disadvantaged communities.
