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Day-501
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points1. With reference to the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP), consider the following statements:
1. It is a global multi-stakeholder partnership launched in 2014 by the International Energy Agency.
2. The OGMP 2.0 provides a reporting framework for oil and gas companies to accurately measure and report their methane emissions.
3. No Indian company is part of OGMP.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● OGMP, launched in 2014 by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, was ratcheted up in scope and ambition in November 2020 to become OGMP 2.0. OGMP 2.0 is a more ambitious and comprehensive reporting framework that fosters reporting of methane emissions and directly connects it to strategic mitigation actions.
● It is a voluntary initiative to help companies reduce methane emissions in the oil and gas sector.
● Governments, international organizations, non-government organizations, and the oil and gas industry collaborate through the OGMP to raise awareness and responsibly address methane emissions.
● The OGMP provides a protocol to help companies systematically manage their methane emissions from upstream oil and gas operations, as well as offers a credible platform to help member companies demonstrate actual reductions to industry stakeholders.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● OGMP, launched in 2014 by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, was ratcheted up in scope and ambition in November 2020 to become OGMP 2.0. OGMP 2.0 is a more ambitious and comprehensive reporting framework that fosters reporting of methane emissions and directly connects it to strategic mitigation actions.
● It is a voluntary initiative to help companies reduce methane emissions in the oil and gas sector.
● Governments, international organizations, non-government organizations, and the oil and gas industry collaborate through the OGMP to raise awareness and responsibly address methane emissions.
● The OGMP provides a protocol to help companies systematically manage their methane emissions from upstream oil and gas operations, as well as offers a credible platform to help member companies demonstrate actual reductions to industry stakeholders. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points2. How many of the following institutions have been set up under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972?
1. National Tiger Conservation Authority
2. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
3. National Biodiversity Authority
4. Central Zoo Authority
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● WLPA,1972 provided for the constitution of the Central Zoo Authority by the Central Government.
● The 2002 Amendment of Wildlife Protection Act provided for the “National Board for Wildlife” chaired by the Prime Minister.
● National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) & Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) were set up under WLP amendment 2006.
● National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is an autonomous statutory body set up in 2003 to implement the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. It is located in Chennai and falls under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● WLPA,1972 provided for the constitution of the Central Zoo Authority by the Central Government.
● The 2002 Amendment of Wildlife Protection Act provided for the “National Board for Wildlife” chaired by the Prime Minister.
● National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) & Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) were set up under WLP amendment 2006.
● National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is an autonomous statutory body set up in 2003 to implement the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. It is located in Chennai and falls under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points3. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is the first legally binding international instrument to formally acknowledge the enormous contribution of indigenous people and small-holder farmers as traditional custodians of the world’s food crops. It was adopted in 2001 by:
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted by the Thirty-First Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 3 November 2001.
It is also known as Seed Treaty as it is a comprehensive international agreement for ensuring food security through the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of the world’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA).
The Treaty aims at:
● recognizing the enormous contribution of farmers to the diversity of crops that feed the world;
● establishing a global system to provide farmers, plant breeders and scientists with access to plant genetic materials;
● ensuring that recipients share benefits they derive from the use of these genetic materials with the countries where they have originated.
The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001:
● Enacted by India in 2001 adopting sui generis system.
● It is in conformity with International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 1978.
● The legislation recognizes the contributions of both commercial plant breeders and farmers in plant breeding activity and also provides to implement TRIPs in a way that supports the specific socio-economic interests of all the stakeholders including private, public sectors and research institutions, as well as resource-constrained farmers.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted by the Thirty-First Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 3 November 2001.
It is also known as Seed Treaty as it is a comprehensive international agreement for ensuring food security through the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of the world’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA).
The Treaty aims at:
● recognizing the enormous contribution of farmers to the diversity of crops that feed the world;
● establishing a global system to provide farmers, plant breeders and scientists with access to plant genetic materials;
● ensuring that recipients share benefits they derive from the use of these genetic materials with the countries where they have originated.
The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001:
● Enacted by India in 2001 adopting sui generis system.
● It is in conformity with International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 1978.
● The legislation recognizes the contributions of both commercial plant breeders and farmers in plant breeding activity and also provides to implement TRIPs in a way that supports the specific socio-economic interests of all the stakeholders including private, public sectors and research institutions, as well as resource-constrained farmers. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points4. Which of the following help to understand Climate Change?
1. Study of annual rings of trees.
2. Analysis of ice cores from the cryosphere.
3. Carbon dating of fossils of flora and fauna.
4. Study of landforms and their characteristic features.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
Climate over various geological ages has undergone changes which are studied and analysed by the geoscientists through analysis of various evidence.
The clues for paleoclimates are as follows:
● Fossilized organic remains of plants and animals (radiocarbon dating; C-14 analysis)
● Dating of fossilized pollen grains preserved in inorganic sediment layers.
● Study of annual rings of trees, the thickness and spacing, colour of rings (dendrochronology)
● Geological indicators like lithological characteristics of sedimentary deposits such as lacustrine deposits (varves, evaporites, limestones, coal seams etc.)
● Marine deposits (seafloor deposits)- The layers, pattern of distribution, mineral composition etc. of marine deposits are analysed to find similarities and dissimilarities regarding the age and structure of marine deposits that reveals changes in climate change which would have occurred previously and shaped the landscape.
● Cryogenic indicators (processes of glaciation & deglaciation, study of ice sheets and ice cores)
● Sea level fluctuations- The rise or fall in sea level due to glaciation or deglaciation over different periods of time are a great indicator for climate change.
● Analysis of landforms- The structure, mineral composition, agent involved in shaping the landform, change in the base level of a landform among others have been taken as signatures for climate changes.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
Climate over various geological ages has undergone changes which are studied and analysed by the geoscientists through analysis of various evidence.
The clues for paleoclimates are as follows:
● Fossilized organic remains of plants and animals (radiocarbon dating; C-14 analysis)
● Dating of fossilized pollen grains preserved in inorganic sediment layers.
● Study of annual rings of trees, the thickness and spacing, colour of rings (dendrochronology)
● Geological indicators like lithological characteristics of sedimentary deposits such as lacustrine deposits (varves, evaporites, limestones, coal seams etc.)
● Marine deposits (seafloor deposits)- The layers, pattern of distribution, mineral composition etc. of marine deposits are analysed to find similarities and dissimilarities regarding the age and structure of marine deposits that reveals changes in climate change which would have occurred previously and shaped the landscape.
● Cryogenic indicators (processes of glaciation & deglaciation, study of ice sheets and ice cores)
● Sea level fluctuations- The rise or fall in sea level due to glaciation or deglaciation over different periods of time are a great indicator for climate change.
● Analysis of landforms- The structure, mineral composition, agent involved in shaping the landform, change in the base level of a landform among others have been taken as signatures for climate changes. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points5. ‘This principle governs the size of animals based on the temperature of their habitat. It states that birds and mammals of larger size are common features of colder environments whereas small sized animals are found in warmer regions’.
Which of the following ecological principles is being referred to in the above paragraph?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Bergmann’s rule: It states that birds and mammals of larger size are common features of colder environments whereas small sized animals are found in warmer regions.
● Allen’s rule: states that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates.
● Gloger’s rule: birds in more humid habitats are darker (more pigmented) than the ones living in regions with higher aridity.
● Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle: two species competing for the same resources cannot co- exist.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Bergmann’s rule: It states that birds and mammals of larger size are common features of colder environments whereas small sized animals are found in warmer regions.
● Allen’s rule: states that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates.
● Gloger’s rule: birds in more humid habitats are darker (more pigmented) than the ones living in regions with higher aridity.
● Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle: two species competing for the same resources cannot co- exist.