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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points1. ‘The highest peak in this Biosphere Reserve is Khairiburu (1,168 metres). This Biosphere Reserve has the largest zone of Sal trees in all of India. Two tribes, the Erenga Kharias and the Mankidias, inhabit the reserve’s forests and practice traditional agricultural activities. Mythological stories link to a sacred grove in this Biosphere Reserve called Shami Vrikhya which is said to have been the secret hiding place of the bow and arrow of the Arjuna from the Mahabharata.’
Which of the following Biosphere Reserves of India is being referred to in the above paragraph?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
About Similipal Biosphere Reserve:
● Located in northeast India, the Similipal Biosphere Reserve lies within two biogeographical regions: the Mahanadian east coastal region of the Oriental realm and the Chhotanagpur biotic province of the Deccan peninsular zone. Volcanic sedimentary rocks are aligned in three concentric rings and accentuate the area’s geologic formations.
● The highest peak in the Similipal hill range is Khairiburu (1,168 metres). Numerous waterfalls and perennial streams flow into major rivers, such as the Budhabalang, Baitarani and Subarnarekha.
● The biosphere reserve has the largest zone of Sal in all of India. In addition, the tropical monsoon climate provides ideal circumstances for the development of a distinctive biodiversity, highlighted by 1,076 species of vascular plants.
● Two endemic Orchid species are Eria meghasaniensis and Tainia hookeriana. Other noteworthy flora species include Callicarpa arborea (a species of beautyberry), Bombax ceiba(Cotton tree) and Madhuca longifolia (Mahua).
● Approximately 73% of all inhabitants are Aboriginals. Two tribes, the Erenga Kharias and the Mankirdias, inhabit the reserve’s forests and practise traditional agricultural activities (the collection of seeds and timber). Other dominant tribes include the Ho, Gonda and Munda, among others.
● Similipal’s cultural significance is characterized by stories and paintings that date back to the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas, many of which mention local sites linked with specific mythological stories. For example, a sacred grove called Shami Vrikhya is said to have been the secret hiding place of the bow and arrow of the hero Arjuna.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
About Similipal Biosphere Reserve:
● Located in northeast India, the Similipal Biosphere Reserve lies within two biogeographical regions: the Mahanadian east coastal region of the Oriental realm and the Chhotanagpur biotic province of the Deccan peninsular zone. Volcanic sedimentary rocks are aligned in three concentric rings and accentuate the area’s geologic formations.
● The highest peak in the Similipal hill range is Khairiburu (1,168 metres). Numerous waterfalls and perennial streams flow into major rivers, such as the Budhabalang, Baitarani and Subarnarekha.
● The biosphere reserve has the largest zone of Sal in all of India. In addition, the tropical monsoon climate provides ideal circumstances for the development of a distinctive biodiversity, highlighted by 1,076 species of vascular plants.
● Two endemic Orchid species are Eria meghasaniensis and Tainia hookeriana. Other noteworthy flora species include Callicarpa arborea (a species of beautyberry), Bombax ceiba(Cotton tree) and Madhuca longifolia (Mahua).
● Approximately 73% of all inhabitants are Aboriginals. Two tribes, the Erenga Kharias and the Mankirdias, inhabit the reserve’s forests and practise traditional agricultural activities (the collection of seeds and timber). Other dominant tribes include the Ho, Gonda and Munda, among others.
● Similipal’s cultural significance is characterized by stories and paintings that date back to the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas, many of which mention local sites linked with specific mythological stories. For example, a sacred grove called Shami Vrikhya is said to have been the secret hiding place of the bow and arrow of the hero Arjuna. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points2. Consider the following statements about the tropical cyclones:
1. In the tropical cyclones, there is low pressure at the centre and the isobars are located far away from each other.
2. The wind circulation in the tropical cyclones formed in the northern hemisphere is in clockwise direction.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Tropical cyclones are developed around the low pressure over the ocean surface. The isobars in cyclones are close to each other. In anti-cyclone, isobars are located away from each other.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The wind circulation in tropical cyclones formed in the northern hemisphere is in anti-clockwise direction while it is in clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. The wind circulation around anti-cyclone in the northern hemisphere is in clockwise direction while it is in anti-clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Tropical cyclones are developed around the low pressure over the ocean surface. The isobars in cyclones are close to each other. In anti-cyclone, isobars are located away from each other.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The wind circulation in tropical cyclones formed in the northern hemisphere is in anti-clockwise direction while it is in clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. The wind circulation around anti-cyclone in the northern hemisphere is in clockwise direction while it is in anti-clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points3. Consider the following statements about Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO):
1. It is a moving system of wind, cloud and pressure that brings rain as it circles around the equator.
2. One cycle of MJO takes about one year on average.
3. MJO in its active phase increases cyclonic activity in the tropical region.
4. MJO in its suppressed phase can delay the onset of the monsoon.
Which of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: MJO is a moving system of wind, cloud and pressure that brings rain as it circles around the equator. It originates in the Indian Ocean and moves eastward at a speed of 4-8 metres per second. It was discovered in 1971 by Dr Roland Madden and Dr Paul Julian of the American National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), when they were studying tropical wind and pressure patterns. They observed regular oscillations in winds between Singapore and Canton Island in the west central equatorial Pacific.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: A wet phase of enhanced convection (rainfall) is followed by a dry phase, where thunderstorm activity is suppressed (no rainfall). Each cycle lasts approximately 30-60 days and there are 8 phases.
● Statement 3 is correct: MJO in its active phase increases cyclonic activity in the tropical region.
● Statement 4 is correct: The enhanced rainfall phase of the MJO can also bring the onset of the Monsoon seasons around the globe. Conversely, the suppressed convection phase can delay the onset of the Monsoon season.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: MJO is a moving system of wind, cloud and pressure that brings rain as it circles around the equator. It originates in the Indian Ocean and moves eastward at a speed of 4-8 metres per second. It was discovered in 1971 by Dr Roland Madden and Dr Paul Julian of the American National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), when they were studying tropical wind and pressure patterns. They observed regular oscillations in winds between Singapore and Canton Island in the west central equatorial Pacific.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: A wet phase of enhanced convection (rainfall) is followed by a dry phase, where thunderstorm activity is suppressed (no rainfall). Each cycle lasts approximately 30-60 days and there are 8 phases.
● Statement 3 is correct: MJO in its active phase increases cyclonic activity in the tropical region.
● Statement 4 is correct: The enhanced rainfall phase of the MJO can also bring the onset of the Monsoon seasons around the globe. Conversely, the suppressed convection phase can delay the onset of the Monsoon season.
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points4. With reference to the Inland Waterways development in India, consider the following statements:
1. Inland Waterways Authority of India is a statutory body set up under the provisions of National Waterways Act, 2016.
2. National Waterways can be declared by the Central government only after concurrence from the relevant state governments.
3. Jal Marg Vikas Project is the World Bank funded project for the capacity augmentation of navigation on National Waterway-1 only.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Inland Waterways Authority of India is a statutory body set up in 1986 through the Inland Waterways Authority of India Act, 1985 for regulation and development of inland waterways for the purposes of shipping and navigation in the country. It primarily administers the provisions of the Act and frames the rules thereunder and is directly responsible for the regulation and development of national waterways.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Central list in 7th Schedule of the Constitution mentions that matters related to shipping and navigation on inland waterways, declared by Parliament to be national waterways, as regards mechanically propelled vessels and the rule of the road on such waterways are the responsibility of the central government. Therefore, concurrence of state government is not required.
● Statement 3 is correct: Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) for capacity augmentation of navigation on National Waterway-1 (NW-1) is being implemented at a cost of Rs 5369.18 crore with the technical assistance and investment support of the World Bank. The Project is expected to be completed by March, 2023.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Inland Waterways Authority of India is a statutory body set up in 1986 through the Inland Waterways Authority of India Act, 1985 for regulation and development of inland waterways for the purposes of shipping and navigation in the country. It primarily administers the provisions of the Act and frames the rules thereunder and is directly responsible for the regulation and development of national waterways.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Central list in 7th Schedule of the Constitution mentions that matters related to shipping and navigation on inland waterways, declared by Parliament to be national waterways, as regards mechanically propelled vessels and the rule of the road on such waterways are the responsibility of the central government. Therefore, concurrence of state government is not required.
● Statement 3 is correct: Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) for capacity augmentation of navigation on National Waterway-1 (NW-1) is being implemented at a cost of Rs 5369.18 crore with the technical assistance and investment support of the World Bank. The Project is expected to be completed by March, 2023. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points5. With reference to the Indian agriculture, the terms ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’ refer to –
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
About Rice crop:
● Rice is a staple food for the overwhelming majority of the population in India.
● Though it is considered to be a crop of tropical humid areas, it has about 3,000 varieties which are grown in different agro-climatic regions. These are successfully grown from sea level to about 2,000 m altitude and from humid areas in eastern India to dry but irrigated areas of Punjab, Haryana, western U.P. and northern Rajasthan.
● In southern states and West Bengal the climatic conditions allow the cultivation of two or three crops of rice in an agricultural year. In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’.
● But in the Himalayas and northwestern parts of the country, it is grown as a kharif crop during the southwest Monsoon season.
● India contributes 22.07 per cent of rice production in the world and ranked second after China in 2018.
● About one-fourth of the total cropped area in the country is under rice cultivation. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab are the leading rice producing states in the countryIncorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
About Rice crop:
● Rice is a staple food for the overwhelming majority of the population in India.
● Though it is considered to be a crop of tropical humid areas, it has about 3,000 varieties which are grown in different agro-climatic regions. These are successfully grown from sea level to about 2,000 m altitude and from humid areas in eastern India to dry but irrigated areas of Punjab, Haryana, western U.P. and northern Rajasthan.
● In southern states and West Bengal the climatic conditions allow the cultivation of two or three crops of rice in an agricultural year. In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’.
● But in the Himalayas and northwestern parts of the country, it is grown as a kharif crop during the southwest Monsoon season.
● India contributes 22.07 per cent of rice production in the world and ranked second after China in 2018.
● About one-fourth of the total cropped area in the country is under rice cultivation. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab are the leading rice producing states in the country
