Day-586 | Daily MCQs | UPSC Prelims | GEOGRAPHY

Answer: A
Explanation:
Pair 1 is matched correctly:
• The Jenin refugee camp, also known as the Jenin camp, is a Palestinian refugee camp located in the city of Jenin in the northern West Bank.
• It was established in 1953 to house Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes by Israeli forces during and in the aftermath of the 1948 Palestine War.
• The camp has been in news due to a military operation launched by Israeli defence forces against armed rebels.
Pair 2 is matched incorrectly:
• Adre refugee camp is located in Chad near its border with Sudan.
• It is home to thousands of refugees who had fled Darfur to neighbouring Chad to escape fighting and ethnically targeted attacks in Sudan’s western region.
Pair 3 is matched incorrectly:
Kutupalong refugee camp: It is located in Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, and is inhabited mostly by Rohingya refugees who fled from ethnic and religious persecution in neighboring Myanmar.
Pair 4 is matched incorrectly:
• Ain al-Hilweh is the largest Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon.
• It had a population of over 70,000 Palestinian refugees but swelled to nearly 120,000, as a result of influx of refugees from Syria since 2011.

Answer: C
Explanation:
• In India compact or clustered village of a few hundred houses is a rather universal feature, particularly in the northern plains. However, there are several areas, which have other forms of rural settlements.
• There are various factors and conditions responsible for having different types of rural settlements in India.
• These include:
 physical features – nature of terrain, altitude, climate and availability of water
 cultural and ethnic factors – social structure, caste and religion
 security factors – defence against thefts and robberies

Answer: B
Explanation: Only sex indicators and Age-groups are displayed in population pyramid.
About population pyramid-
• A population pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population which normally forms a pyramid.
• It typically consists of two back-to-back bar graphs, with the population plotted on the X-axis and age on the Y-axis, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups.
• Males are conventionally shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by a raw number or as a percentage of the total population.
• The age–sex structure reflects the demographic and socioeconomic history of a population over a period of time and, even their prospects for the future.
• It is the result of various factors, such as fertility, mortality, and migration.
Three main types of age-sex pyramids have been identified:
I. “Stationary” pyramid or constant population pyramid
o A pyramid can be described as stationary if the percentages of population (age and sex) remain approximately constant over time.
o In a stationary population, the numbers of births and death roughly balance one another.
II. “Expansive” pyramid or Expanding population pyramid
o A population pyramid that is very wide at the younger ages, characteristic of countries with a high birth rate and perhaps low life expectancy therefore leading to high death rate.
o The population is said to be fast-growing, and the size of each birth cohort increases each year.
III. “Constrictive” pyramid or Declining population
o A population pyramid that is narrowed at the bottom.
o The population is generally older on average, as the country has long life expectancy, a low death rate, but also a low birth rate.
o This may suggest that in future there may be a high dependency ratio due to reducing numbers at working ages. This is a typical pattern for a very developed country, with a high level of education, easy access to and incentive to use birth control, good health care, and few negative environmental factors

Answer: A
Explanation: Only Pair 2 is matched correctly
Context of the question:
• The Mines Ministry, through the state-owned Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL), has entered into a draft exploration and development agreement with Argentinan miner CAMYEN for possible acquisition and development of five-odd lithium blocks.
Important lithium mines in the world:
In Australia:
• Greenbushes, Western Australia
• Pilgangoora, Western Australia
• Mt Cattlin, Western Australia
• Mount Marion, Western Australia
In Brazil:
• Mibra, Minas Gerais, Brazil
In Chile:
• Salar de Atacama, Antofagasta, Chile
Argentina:
• Pozuelos-Pastos Grandes lithium salt lake, Argentina
In Bolivia:
• Salr De Vyuni, Bolivia
Additional Information:
Khanij Bidesh India Ltd. (KABIL):
• Khanij Bidesh India Ltd. (KABIL) is a joint venture company set up with the participation of three Central Public Sector Enterprises namely-
 National Aluminium Company Ltd. (NALCO)
 Hindustan Copper Ltd. (HCL) and
 Mineral Exploration Company Ltd. (MECL).
• The equity participation between NALCO, HCL and MECL is in the ratio of 40:30:30.
• Objective of constituting KABIL is to ensure a consistent supply of critical and strategic minerals to Indian domestic market.
Lithium Triangle:
 Lithium triangle is made up of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia—containing roughly half the world’s known lithium.

Answer: C
Explanation:
About Derecho:
• A derecho, is “a widespread, long-lived, straightline windstorm” that is associated with a “band of rapidly moving showers or thunderstorms”.
• Being a warm-weather phenomenon, a derecho generally – not always – occurs during summertime beginning May, with most hitting in June and July.
• However, they are a rare occurrence as compared to other storm systems like tornadoes or hurricanes.
• For a storm to be classified as a derecho it must have wind gusts of at least 93 km per hour; wind damage swath extending more than 400 km.

Where do derechos usually occur?
• They mostly occur across central and eastern parts of the United States.
• Derechos have also been documented elsewhere across the world.
• In 2010, Russia witnessed its first documented derecho.
• They have also swept through Germany and Finland, and more recently in Bulgaria and Poland.