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Question 1 of 20
1. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Tribes – Region
1. Tuareg – Sahara
2. Aborigines – Kalahari
3. Bushmen – Australia
4. Bedouin – Arabia
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation- Despite its inhospitality, the desert has always been inhabited by different tribal groups.
Tribe – Region
1. Tuareg – Sahara
2. Aborigines – Australia
3. Bushmen – Kalahari
4. Bedouin – Arabia
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation- Despite its inhospitality, the desert has always been inhabited by different tribal groups.
Tribe – Region
1. Tuareg – Sahara
2. Aborigines – Australia
3. Bushmen – Kalahari
4. Bedouin – Arabia
Source- GC Leong
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Question 2 of 20
2. Question
In the context of horticulture, Seville, Mandarin and Jaffa are the varieties of:
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation- The Mediterranean lands are known as the world’s orchard lands. A wide variety of citrous fruits such as oranges, lemons, citrons and grapefruit are grown. The fruit trees have long roots to draw water from considerable depths during the long summer drought.
Of the Mediterranean oranges, perhaps the best known are the Sunkist oranges from California, exported for table consumption and for making squash. The Seville oranges from Spain are small but very sweet and particularly suitable for making marmalade.
Those from Israel, the Jaffa oranges are equally delicious and are especially grown for export.
In the temperate monsoon lands of China and Japan which were, in fact, the native home of the orange, commercial cultivation of the fruit is less significant and only in the recent years, efforts have been made to popularize their export as Mandarin oranges.
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation- The Mediterranean lands are known as the world’s orchard lands. A wide variety of citrous fruits such as oranges, lemons, citrons and grapefruit are grown. The fruit trees have long roots to draw water from considerable depths during the long summer drought.
Of the Mediterranean oranges, perhaps the best known are the Sunkist oranges from California, exported for table consumption and for making squash. The Seville oranges from Spain are small but very sweet and particularly suitable for making marmalade.
Those from Israel, the Jaffa oranges are equally delicious and are especially grown for export.
In the temperate monsoon lands of China and Japan which were, in fact, the native home of the orange, commercial cultivation of the fruit is less significant and only in the recent years, efforts have been made to popularize their export as Mandarin oranges.
Source- GC Leong
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Question 3 of 20
3. Question
The concept of ‘truck farming’ can be best understood in the context of the cultivation of:
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation- The regions where farmers specialise in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.
Market gardening and horticulture specialise in the cultivation of high value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets.
-
- Farms are small and are located where there are good transportation links with the urban centre where high income group of consumers is located.
- It is both labour and capital intensive and lays emphasis on the use of irrigation, HYV seeds, fertilisers, insecticides, greenhouses and artificial heating in colder regions.
- This type of agriculture is well developed in densely populated industrial districts of north west Europe, north eastern United States of America and the Mediterranean regions.
- The Netherlands specialises in growing flowers and horticultural crops especially tulips, which are flown to all major cities of Europe.
Source- NCERT Class 12, India-People and Economy
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation- The regions where farmers specialise in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.
Market gardening and horticulture specialise in the cultivation of high value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets.
-
- Farms are small and are located where there are good transportation links with the urban centre where high income group of consumers is located.
- It is both labour and capital intensive and lays emphasis on the use of irrigation, HYV seeds, fertilisers, insecticides, greenhouses and artificial heating in colder regions.
- This type of agriculture is well developed in densely populated industrial districts of north west Europe, north eastern United States of America and the Mediterranean regions.
- The Netherlands specialises in growing flowers and horticultural crops especially tulips, which are flown to all major cities of Europe.
Source- NCERT Class 12, India-People and Economy
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Question 4 of 20
4. Question
The term ‘kalkoz’ is best related with which of the following?
Correct
Answer. A
Explanation- The basic principle behind Collective Farming is based on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. Collective farming or the model of Kolkhoz was introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous methods of agriculture and to boost agricultural production for self-sufficiency.
The farmers used to pool in all their resources like land, livestock and labour. However, they were allowed to retain very small plots to grow crops in order to meet their daily requirements. Yearly targets were set by the government and the produce was also sold to the state at fixed prices. Produce in excess of the fixed amount was distributed among the members or sold in the market. The farmers had to pay taxes on the farm produces, hired machinery etc.
Members were paid according to the nature of the work allotted to them by the farm management. Exceptional work was rewarded in cash or kind. This type of farming was introduced in former Soviet Union under the socialist regime which was adopted by the socialist countries. After its collapse, these have already been modified.
Additional information:
Fazendas are the large coffee plantations of Brazil.
Source- NCERT Class 12, India-People and Economy
Incorrect
Answer. A
Explanation- The basic principle behind Collective Farming is based on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. Collective farming or the model of Kolkhoz was introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous methods of agriculture and to boost agricultural production for self-sufficiency.
The farmers used to pool in all their resources like land, livestock and labour. However, they were allowed to retain very small plots to grow crops in order to meet their daily requirements. Yearly targets were set by the government and the produce was also sold to the state at fixed prices. Produce in excess of the fixed amount was distributed among the members or sold in the market. The farmers had to pay taxes on the farm produces, hired machinery etc.
Members were paid according to the nature of the work allotted to them by the farm management. Exceptional work was rewarded in cash or kind. This type of farming was introduced in former Soviet Union under the socialist regime which was adopted by the socialist countries. After its collapse, these have already been modified.
Additional information:
Fazendas are the large coffee plantations of Brazil.
Source- NCERT Class 12, India-People and Economy
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Question 5 of 20
5. Question
Consider the following statements about copper:
1. The Democratic Republic of Congo is the largest producer of copper in the world.
2. Copper is useful in the manufacturing of electric vehicles, solar panels and wind turbines.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation-
Statement 1 is incorrect- Chile is the largest producer of copper in the world, accounting for a share of 27% of global copper production. It also hosts the two largest mines of copper in the world namely Escondida and Collahuasi.
Chile is followed by Peru in the copper production with a 10% share in the global production.
Statement 2 is correct- Copper is useful in the manufacturing of batteries for electric vehicles, solar panels and wind turbines.
Source- Which countries produce the most copper? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation-
Statement 1 is incorrect- Chile is the largest producer of copper in the world, accounting for a share of 27% of global copper production. It also hosts the two largest mines of copper in the world namely Escondida and Collahuasi.
Chile is followed by Peru in the copper production with a 10% share in the global production.
Statement 2 is correct- Copper is useful in the manufacturing of batteries for electric vehicles, solar panels and wind turbines.
Source- Which countries produce the most copper? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)
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Question 6 of 20
6. Question
Consider the following statements about the life in temperate continental climate:
1. Tartars are the nomadic tribes living in Asiatic Steppes.
2. Maize and wheat are the major crops cultivated in such climate.
3. Sericulture is also practiced by the farmers in such regions.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation- Although the term ‘steppe vegetation’ geographically refers to the scanty vegetation of the sub-arid lands of the continental Eurasia, many authors have extended the term to include the temperate grasslands all over the world such as Steppes, Prairies, Pampas, Velds and Downs.
These grasslands were dominated by nomadic and semi-nomadic people like the Kirghiz of the Asiatic Steppes. The herders were wandering tribes like the Kirghiz, Kazakhs and Kalmuks.
Statement 1 is correct- The harsh environment of the nomads with long droughts and unreliable showers made the Kirghiz a tough and fearless people, the Tartars, and they long resisted subjugation by the Russians. The steppes which they used to wander have been made into huge collective farms and state farms for ranching or producing cereals.
Statement 2 is correct- The temperate grasslands are ideal for extensive wheat cultivation. They are naturally the greatest wheat exporters. Three-quarters of the world’s wheat is winter wheat which is hard wheat with a low moisture content.
In the warmer wetter regions, maize is increasingly grown.
Statement 3 is incorrect- In the Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China type) climate, besides rice, the other important crops are tea and mulberry leaves gathered for feeding silk worms, though sericulture is declining.
Sericulture is not practiced by farmers in Steppe type climate.
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation- Although the term ‘steppe vegetation’ geographically refers to the scanty vegetation of the sub-arid lands of the continental Eurasia, many authors have extended the term to include the temperate grasslands all over the world such as Steppes, Prairies, Pampas, Velds and Downs.
These grasslands were dominated by nomadic and semi-nomadic people like the Kirghiz of the Asiatic Steppes. The herders were wandering tribes like the Kirghiz, Kazakhs and Kalmuks.
Statement 1 is correct- The harsh environment of the nomads with long droughts and unreliable showers made the Kirghiz a tough and fearless people, the Tartars, and they long resisted subjugation by the Russians. The steppes which they used to wander have been made into huge collective farms and state farms for ranching or producing cereals.
Statement 2 is correct- The temperate grasslands are ideal for extensive wheat cultivation. They are naturally the greatest wheat exporters. Three-quarters of the world’s wheat is winter wheat which is hard wheat with a low moisture content.
In the warmer wetter regions, maize is increasingly grown.
Statement 3 is incorrect- In the Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China type) climate, besides rice, the other important crops are tea and mulberry leaves gathered for feeding silk worms, though sericulture is declining.
Sericulture is not practiced by farmers in Steppe type climate.
Source- GC Leong
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Question 7 of 20
7. Question
Regarding the life in British type climate, which one of the following statements is not correct?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation-
Statement 1 is correct– The cool temperate western margins are under the permanent influence of westerlies all round the year. They are also regions of much cyclonic activity, typical of Britain and thus, experience the British type of climate. This type of climate has adequate rainfall throughout the year with a tendency towards a slight winter or autumn maximum from cyclonic sources.
Statement 2 is incorrect- The natural vegetation of this climate type is deciduous forests. The trees shed their leaves in the cold season. Some of the common species include oak, elm, ash, birch, beech, poplar and hornbeam. Unlike the equatorial forests, the deciduous trees occur in pure stands and have greater lumbering value from the commercial point of view.
Higher up the mountains in the Scandinavian highlands, the Rockies, southern Andes and Southern Alps of New Zealand, the deciduous trees are generally replaced by the conifers which can survive a higher altitude, a lower temperature and poorer soils.
Statement 3 is correct- The temperate western margin type of climate is ideal for intensive dairying. Cheese is a specialised product of the Netherlands, from Edam and Gouda. From Denmark comes high-quality butter, of which she ranks New Zealand as one of the world’s greatest exporters. The Swiss have also made excellent use of their alpine pastures for keeping dairy cattle.
Statement 4 is correct- Amongst the cereals, wheat is the most extensively grown crop. The next important cereal raised in the mixed farm is barley. The better-quality barley is sold to the breweries for beer-making or whisky distilling and is raised preferably in the drier areas.
On the heavy soils or wetter regions, barley is grown mainly as animal fodder, sometimes mixed with oats as dredge corn. Both are raised in crop rotations with a leguminous crop (beans or clover) and a root crop (turnips or beet sugar).
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation-
Statement 1 is correct– The cool temperate western margins are under the permanent influence of westerlies all round the year. They are also regions of much cyclonic activity, typical of Britain and thus, experience the British type of climate. This type of climate has adequate rainfall throughout the year with a tendency towards a slight winter or autumn maximum from cyclonic sources.
Statement 2 is incorrect- The natural vegetation of this climate type is deciduous forests. The trees shed their leaves in the cold season. Some of the common species include oak, elm, ash, birch, beech, poplar and hornbeam. Unlike the equatorial forests, the deciduous trees occur in pure stands and have greater lumbering value from the commercial point of view.
Higher up the mountains in the Scandinavian highlands, the Rockies, southern Andes and Southern Alps of New Zealand, the deciduous trees are generally replaced by the conifers which can survive a higher altitude, a lower temperature and poorer soils.
Statement 3 is correct- The temperate western margin type of climate is ideal for intensive dairying. Cheese is a specialised product of the Netherlands, from Edam and Gouda. From Denmark comes high-quality butter, of which she ranks New Zealand as one of the world’s greatest exporters. The Swiss have also made excellent use of their alpine pastures for keeping dairy cattle.
Statement 4 is correct- Amongst the cereals, wheat is the most extensively grown crop. The next important cereal raised in the mixed farm is barley. The better-quality barley is sold to the breweries for beer-making or whisky distilling and is raised preferably in the drier areas.
On the heavy soils or wetter regions, barley is grown mainly as animal fodder, sometimes mixed with oats as dredge corn. Both are raised in crop rotations with a leguminous crop (beans or clover) and a root crop (turnips or beet sugar).
Source- GC Leong
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Question 8 of 20
8. Question
Which one of the following is the main occupation of people in the Siberian type of climate?
Correct
Answer. C
Explanation- The cool temperate continental or Siberian climate is experienced only in the northern hemisphere where the continents within the high latitudes have a broad east-west spread. On its poleward side, it merges into the Arctic Tundra of Canada and Eurasia at around the Arctic Circle. The predominant vegetation in this climate is evergreen coniferous forest.
Lumbering is the most important occupation of the Siberian type of climate. The vast reserves of coniferous forests provide the basis for the lumbering industry.
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. C
Explanation- The cool temperate continental or Siberian climate is experienced only in the northern hemisphere where the continents within the high latitudes have a broad east-west spread. On its poleward side, it merges into the Arctic Tundra of Canada and Eurasia at around the Arctic Circle. The predominant vegetation in this climate is evergreen coniferous forest.
Lumbering is the most important occupation of the Siberian type of climate. The vast reserves of coniferous forests provide the basis for the lumbering industry.
Source- GC Leong
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Question 9 of 20
9. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement I- One of the world’s richest fishing grounds is found in the Dogger Banks off Newfoundland.
Statement II- There occurs convergence of the warm Gulf stream and cold Labrador current.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Answer. D
Explanation-
Statement 1 is incorrect- One of the world’s richest fishing grounds is found in the Grand Banks off Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. Dogger Bank is located in the North Sea.
Statement 2 is correct and explains the richness of fishing ground in the Grand Banks- There is convergence of the warm Gulf Stream and cold Labrador current near the coasts of Newfoundland at Grand Banks. This mixing of waters leads to enriched primary productivity of this North-western part of Atlantic Ocean. As there occurs upwelling of nutrient-rich waters at Grand Banks, the conditions favour the flourishing of the fisheries.
As less than 1% of Newfoundland is cultivated, fishing provides employment for almost the entire population. It is not only the chief source of wealth to the Newfoundland, but also a major export item of all the Maritime Provinces. Both pelagic fish which live near the surface and demersal fish which live near the bottom of the shallow seas are caught. The chief fish caught is cod which is canned or packed in ice for export to mainland America, Central and South America and southern Europe.
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. D
Explanation-
Statement 1 is incorrect- One of the world’s richest fishing grounds is found in the Grand Banks off Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. Dogger Bank is located in the North Sea.
Statement 2 is correct and explains the richness of fishing ground in the Grand Banks- There is convergence of the warm Gulf Stream and cold Labrador current near the coasts of Newfoundland at Grand Banks. This mixing of waters leads to enriched primary productivity of this North-western part of Atlantic Ocean. As there occurs upwelling of nutrient-rich waters at Grand Banks, the conditions favour the flourishing of the fisheries.
As less than 1% of Newfoundland is cultivated, fishing provides employment for almost the entire population. It is not only the chief source of wealth to the Newfoundland, but also a major export item of all the Maritime Provinces. Both pelagic fish which live near the surface and demersal fish which live near the bottom of the shallow seas are caught. The chief fish caught is cod which is canned or packed in ice for export to mainland America, Central and South America and southern Europe.
Source- GC Leong
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Question 10 of 20
10. Question
Read the following description carefully:
1. This climate has features of both the maritime and continental climates.
2. The winters are dry and cold while the summers are wet and warm.
3. Pearl culture and seaweed cultivation are the chief economic activities of the population here.
4. Japan experiences such type of climate.
Identify the climate type based on the description given above:
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation- The cool temperate eastern margin or Laurentian climate is an intermediate type of climate between the British and the Siberian type of climate. It has features of both the martime and continental climates.
Climate- It has cold, dry winters and warm, wet summers. Winter temperatures may be well below freezing point and snow falls to a quite a depth. Summers are as warm as the tropics (70-80 degrees Fahrenheit) and if it were not the effects of the offshore cold currents from the Arctic, the summer might be even hotter. Though rain falls throughout the year, there is a distinct summer maximum from the easterly winds from the oceans. Winter is dry because the westerlies blow out from the continental interiors.
Economic development- Lumbering and its associated timber, paper and pulp industries are the most important economic activities undertaken. Agriculture is less important in view of the severity of the winter and its long duration. Aquaculture is profitable activity here. In the north-west Pacific surrounding the islands of Japan, is another major fishing area of the world.
Japan is one of the few countries that has undertaken to seaweed cultivation. Coastal farms that are submerged in water grow weeds for sale as fertilizers, chemical ingredient and as food. Another interesting aspect of the fishing industry of Japan is pearl culture. The divers of southern Japan dive down into the coastal waters and bring to the surface shell-fish called pearl oysters and extract the highly prized pearls for sale as ornaments.
Source- GC Leong
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation- The cool temperate eastern margin or Laurentian climate is an intermediate type of climate between the British and the Siberian type of climate. It has features of both the martime and continental climates.
Climate- It has cold, dry winters and warm, wet summers. Winter temperatures may be well below freezing point and snow falls to a quite a depth. Summers are as warm as the tropics (70-80 degrees Fahrenheit) and if it were not the effects of the offshore cold currents from the Arctic, the summer might be even hotter. Though rain falls throughout the year, there is a distinct summer maximum from the easterly winds from the oceans. Winter is dry because the westerlies blow out from the continental interiors.
Economic development- Lumbering and its associated timber, paper and pulp industries are the most important economic activities undertaken. Agriculture is less important in view of the severity of the winter and its long duration. Aquaculture is profitable activity here. In the north-west Pacific surrounding the islands of Japan, is another major fishing area of the world.
Japan is one of the few countries that has undertaken to seaweed cultivation. Coastal farms that are submerged in water grow weeds for sale as fertilizers, chemical ingredient and as food. Another interesting aspect of the fishing industry of Japan is pearl culture. The divers of southern Japan dive down into the coastal waters and bring to the surface shell-fish called pearl oysters and extract the highly prized pearls for sale as ornaments.
Source- GC Leong
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Question 11 of 20
11. Question
Arrange the following regions in the descending order of the reserves of uranium:
1. Kazakhstan
2. Canada
3. South Africa
4. Australia
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Answer. C
Explanation- Almost 96% of the global uranium reserves are found in 10 countries: Australia, Kazakhstan, Canada, South Africa, Namibia, Brazil, Uzbekistan, the USA, Niger and Russia.
Source- Uranium Supplies: Supply of Uranium – World Nuclear Association (world-nuclear.org)
Incorrect
Answer. C
Explanation- Almost 96% of the global uranium reserves are found in 10 countries: Australia, Kazakhstan, Canada, South Africa, Namibia, Brazil, Uzbekistan, the USA, Niger and Russia.
Source- Uranium Supplies: Supply of Uranium – World Nuclear Association (world-nuclear.org)
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Question 12 of 20
12. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Regions – Famous for Resource
1. Ruhr, Germany – Coal
2. Pilbara, Australia – Iron ore
3. Carajas, Brazil – Nickel
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation-
Region – Famous for Resource
1. Ruhr, Germany – Coal
2. Pilbara, Australia – Iron ore
3. Carajas, Brazil – Iron ore
Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the crust of the earth after oxygen, silicon and aluminium. Australia is the largest producer of iron ore. Almost 90% of the identified iron ore resources in Australia occur in Western Australia, especially in the Pilbara region. The region is known for its Aboriginal tribal people.
After Australia, Brazil is the second biggest producer of iron ore, accounting for 80% of the country’s mining exports. The Carajas mine in Brazil is the largest iron ore mine in the world.
China despite being the third largest iron ore producer, is the largest consumer of iron ore, used to feed its steel industry.
India stands at fourth position in the iron ore production, with a total iron ore production of 0.26 million tons.
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation-
Region – Famous for Resource
1. Ruhr, Germany – Coal
2. Pilbara, Australia – Iron ore
3. Carajas, Brazil – Iron ore
Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the crust of the earth after oxygen, silicon and aluminium. Australia is the largest producer of iron ore. Almost 90% of the identified iron ore resources in Australia occur in Western Australia, especially in the Pilbara region. The region is known for its Aboriginal tribal people.
After Australia, Brazil is the second biggest producer of iron ore, accounting for 80% of the country’s mining exports. The Carajas mine in Brazil is the largest iron ore mine in the world.
China despite being the third largest iron ore producer, is the largest consumer of iron ore, used to feed its steel industry.
India stands at fourth position in the iron ore production, with a total iron ore production of 0.26 million tons.
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Question 13 of 20
13. Question
Consider the following:
1. Madeira
2. Japura
3. Orinoco
4. Negro
How many of the above rivers are the tributaries of the river Amazon flowing through South America?
Correct
Answer. C
Explanation- The place where a river flows into another body of water is called the river’s mouth. Numerous tributaries join the Amazon River to form the Amazon basin. The river basin drains portions of Brazil, parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia and a small part of Venezuela.
The tropical region lies very close to the equator; between 10°N and 10°S. So, it is referred to as the equatorial region. The river Amazon flows through this region. The major tributaries of river Amazon are Madeira, Parus, Jurua, Negro, Japura etc.
River Orinoco is a separate river of South America which drains the nations of Venezuela and Columbia. It is not a tributary of Amazon River.
Source- NCERT Class 7
Incorrect
Answer. C
Explanation- The place where a river flows into another body of water is called the river’s mouth. Numerous tributaries join the Amazon River to form the Amazon basin. The river basin drains portions of Brazil, parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia and a small part of Venezuela.
The tropical region lies very close to the equator; between 10°N and 10°S. So, it is referred to as the equatorial region. The river Amazon flows through this region. The major tributaries of river Amazon are Madeira, Parus, Jurua, Negro, Japura etc.
River Orinoco is a separate river of South America which drains the nations of Venezuela and Columbia. It is not a tributary of Amazon River.
Source- NCERT Class 7
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Question 14 of 20
14. Question
The term “maloca” can be best related with:
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation- The rainforests of Amazon provide a lot of wood for the houses. Some families live in thatched houses shaped like beehives. There are other large apartment-like houses called “Maloca” with a steeply slanting roof. Life of the people of the Amazon basin is slowly changing. In the older days the heart of the forest, could be reached only by navigating the river. In 1970 the Trans Amazon highway made all parts of the rainforest accessible.
Source- NCERT Class 7
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation- The rainforests of Amazon provide a lot of wood for the houses. Some families live in thatched houses shaped like beehives. There are other large apartment-like houses called “Maloca” with a steeply slanting roof. Life of the people of the Amazon basin is slowly changing. In the older days the heart of the forest, could be reached only by navigating the river. In 1970 the Trans Amazon highway made all parts of the rainforest accessible.
Source- NCERT Class 7
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Question 15 of 20
15. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Iron and steel industries in the world – Country
1. Pittsburgh – United Kingdom
2. Donetsk – Russia
3. Anshan – China
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Answer. A
Explanation- Iron and steel industry is the basic industry which provides raw material for various other industries such as machine tools etc. Iron is extracted from iron ore by smelting in a blast furnace with carbon(coke) and limestone. The molten iron is cooled and moulded to form pig iron which is used for converting into steel by adding manganese to strengthen the steel.
Global distribution of iron and steel industry:
Country Regions where iron and steel industry is located China Shanghai, Anshan, Wuhan, Paotow triangle, Manchuria USA Pittsburgh, Great Lakes region (Chicago-Gary, Erie, Cleveland, Buffalo and Duluth), Atlantic coast (Sparrows Point and Morrisville), Alabama United Kingdom Scunthorpe, Port Talbot, Birmingham, Sheffield Germany Duisburg, Dortmund, Dusseldorf and Essen France Le Creuzot and St. Etienne Russia Moscow, St. Petersburg, Lipetsk, Tula Ukraine Krivoy Rog, Donetsk Japan Nagasaki, Tokyo-Yokohama Incorrect
Answer. A
Explanation- Iron and steel industry is the basic industry which provides raw material for various other industries such as machine tools etc. Iron is extracted from iron ore by smelting in a blast furnace with carbon(coke) and limestone. The molten iron is cooled and moulded to form pig iron which is used for converting into steel by adding manganese to strengthen the steel.
Global distribution of iron and steel industry:
Country Regions where iron and steel industry is located China Shanghai, Anshan, Wuhan, Paotow triangle, Manchuria USA Pittsburgh, Great Lakes region (Chicago-Gary, Erie, Cleveland, Buffalo and Duluth), Atlantic coast (Sparrows Point and Morrisville), Alabama United Kingdom Scunthorpe, Port Talbot, Birmingham, Sheffield Germany Duisburg, Dortmund, Dusseldorf and Essen France Le Creuzot and St. Etienne Russia Moscow, St. Petersburg, Lipetsk, Tula Ukraine Krivoy Rog, Donetsk Japan Nagasaki, Tokyo-Yokohama -
Question 16 of 20
16. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement I –Rhine-Ruhr valley belt is the hub of iron and steel industry in Europe.
Statement II- There is abundance of coal reserves and iron ore within the Rhine-Ruhr belt.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Answer. A
Explanation-
Statement 1 is correct- Western Europe’s most important and developed industrial area is the Rhine-Ruhr valley in North-west Germany, Belgium, France and Netherlands. Iron and steel industry has concentrated in this industrial belt.
Statement 2 is correct and explains statement 1- Rhine Ruhr valley belt has access to coal fields and reserves of iron ore within this region. The Ruhr coalfield (extending west of the Rhine and north of the Lippe) is one of the world’s largest, producing the bulk of Germany’s bituminous coal. The diversified chemical manufacturing constitutes the other basic industries of the region, which are served by an extensive inland-waterway system and one of Europe’s densest railway networks.
Incorrect
Answer. A
Explanation-
Statement 1 is correct- Western Europe’s most important and developed industrial area is the Rhine-Ruhr valley in North-west Germany, Belgium, France and Netherlands. Iron and steel industry has concentrated in this industrial belt.
Statement 2 is correct and explains statement 1- Rhine Ruhr valley belt has access to coal fields and reserves of iron ore within this region. The Ruhr coalfield (extending west of the Rhine and north of the Lippe) is one of the world’s largest, producing the bulk of Germany’s bituminous coal. The diversified chemical manufacturing constitutes the other basic industries of the region, which are served by an extensive inland-waterway system and one of Europe’s densest railway networks.
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Question 17 of 20
17. Question
Consider the following statements:
1. Suez Canal connects the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea.
2. Panama Canal connects the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean.
3. The Kra Canal would connect the Gulf of Siam with the Andaman Sea.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer. C
Explanation-
Statement 1 is incorrect- Suez Canal is the largest canal of the world, connecting Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. This canal opened up in 1869. It separates the lower part of the Nile basin and Sinai Peninsula.
Statement 2 is correct- Panama Canal is an isthmus which connects the Pacific Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. On the Pacific coast, there is Panama port and on the Caribbean coast, there is Colon port.
Statement 3 is correct- The Kra Canal, also known as the Thai Canal/isthmus, has been proposed to be developed as an alternative to the Malacca strait for the faster transit of oil to Japan and China. The canal seeks to connect the Gulf of Thailand (also known as Gulf of Siam) with the Andaman Sea.
Therefore, it will link the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
Incorrect
Answer. C
Explanation-
Statement 1 is incorrect- Suez Canal is the largest canal of the world, connecting Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. This canal opened up in 1869. It separates the lower part of the Nile basin and Sinai Peninsula.
Statement 2 is correct- Panama Canal is an isthmus which connects the Pacific Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. On the Pacific coast, there is Panama port and on the Caribbean coast, there is Colon port.
Statement 3 is correct- The Kra Canal, also known as the Thai Canal/isthmus, has been proposed to be developed as an alternative to the Malacca strait for the faster transit of oil to Japan and China. The canal seeks to connect the Gulf of Thailand (also known as Gulf of Siam) with the Andaman Sea.
Therefore, it will link the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
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Question 18 of 20
18. Question
Consider the following countries:
1. Armenia
2. Belarus
3. Iraq
4. Oman
How many of the above countries are part of the International North-South Transport Corridor?
Correct
Answer. C
Explanation- The idea of International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) was first mooted in 2000 to ensure connectivity between Russia’s Baltic Sea coast to India’s Western ports in the Arabian sea via Iran. Russia, India and Iran signed the preliminary agreements to develop the 7200 km long INSTC.
In 2003, Azerbaijan also signed up for the project. Eventually, it was ratified by 13 countries in all:
-
- India
- Russia
- Iran
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Bulgaria
- Armenia
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Oman
- Tajikistan
- Turkey
- Ukraine
Incorrect
Answer. C
Explanation- The idea of International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) was first mooted in 2000 to ensure connectivity between Russia’s Baltic Sea coast to India’s Western ports in the Arabian sea via Iran. Russia, India and Iran signed the preliminary agreements to develop the 7200 km long INSTC.
In 2003, Azerbaijan also signed up for the project. Eventually, it was ratified by 13 countries in all:
-
- India
- Russia
- Iran
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Bulgaria
- Armenia
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Oman
- Tajikistan
- Turkey
- Ukraine
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Question 19 of 20
19. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Hydroelectric Power Projects – Countries
1. Aswan dam – Egypt
2. Kariba dam – Uganda
3. Hoover dam – USA
4. Kakhovka dam – Russia
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation-
Hydroelectric Power Project – Country
Aswan dam (river Nile) – Egypt
Kariba dam (river Zambezi) – Zambia and Zimbabwe
Hoover dam (river Colorado) – USA
Kakhovka dam (river Dnieper) – Ukraine
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation-
Hydroelectric Power Project – Country
Aswan dam (river Nile) – Egypt
Kariba dam (river Zambezi) – Zambia and Zimbabwe
Hoover dam (river Colorado) – USA
Kakhovka dam (river Dnieper) – Ukraine
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Question 20 of 20
20. Question
Consider the following factors:
1. Fragmentation of land
2. Flash floods followed by drought
3. Regular work with high wages in cities
4. Good education and healthcare in cities
How many of the above factors, in the context of rural-urban migration, are the ‘push factors of migration’?
Correct
Answer. B
Explanation-
Fragmentation of land – Push factor
Flash floods followed by drought – Push factor
Regular work with high wages in cities – Pull factor
Good education and healthcare in cities – Pull factor
People, generally are emotionally attached to their place of birth. But millions of people leave their places of birth and residence. There could be a variety of reasons which can be put into two broad categories:
-
- Push factors: These cause people to leave their place of residence or origin.
- Pull factors: These factors tend to attract the people from different places.
In India, people generally migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructure such as healthcare, education facilities etc. Apart from these factors, natural disasters such as floods, droughts, cyclonic storms, earthquakes, tsunami, wars and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate.
On the other hand, there are pull factors for majority of the rural migrants to urban areas is better opportunities, availability of regular work and relatively higher wages. Better opportunities for education, health facilities and sources of entertainment, etc. are also quite important pull factors.
Source- NCERT Class 12, India-People and Economy
Incorrect
Answer. B
Explanation-
Fragmentation of land – Push factor
Flash floods followed by drought – Push factor
Regular work with high wages in cities – Pull factor
Good education and healthcare in cities – Pull factor
People, generally are emotionally attached to their place of birth. But millions of people leave their places of birth and residence. There could be a variety of reasons which can be put into two broad categories:
-
- Push factors: These cause people to leave their place of residence or origin.
- Pull factors: These factors tend to attract the people from different places.
In India, people generally migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructure such as healthcare, education facilities etc. Apart from these factors, natural disasters such as floods, droughts, cyclonic storms, earthquakes, tsunami, wars and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate.
On the other hand, there are pull factors for majority of the rural migrants to urban areas is better opportunities, availability of regular work and relatively higher wages. Better opportunities for education, health facilities and sources of entertainment, etc. are also quite important pull factors.
Source- NCERT Class 12, India-People and Economy
