- arribada (Spanish term for mass nesting) of olive ridley turtles at the mouth of Rushikulya River, Ganjam district, Odisha. Gahirmatha, another major rookery in Odisha’s Kendrapara district.
- Surveillance capitalism:
- It is an economic system in which personal data is collected, analysed, and sold by tech conglomerates to predict and manipulate human behaviour.
- While industrial capitalism relies on labour and material production, surveillance capitalism profits from behavioural data extraction.
- Instead of tangible goods, companies commodify human experience, making users both consumers and raw material for data-driven predictions.
- Algorithms keep users engaged and guide them toward choices that benefit tech giants.
- Black plastic:
- It is generally used to make kitchen utensils.
- is often made from recycled electronic waste such as computers, TVs, and appliances.
- These electronics contain substances such as the flame-retardant bromine; antimony; and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury. Theya are known to be toxic to humans at high levels of.
- One such flame-retardant chemical called decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) that had been linked to potential human health risks and was phased out in U.S. more than a decade ago.
- Battle of Karnal (1739):
- Nadir Shah, founder of Afsharid dynasty of Iran, defeated Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah ‘Rangila’.
- He subsequently captured and sacked Delhi, Mughal capital, and emptied royal treasury, taking home Peacock Throne & Koh-i-noor diamond embedded on it.
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA):
- Recently, for first time, scientists treated for disease while in womb. They used an oral drug called risdiplam, which is given to patients to slow progression of SMA.
- SMA is a genetic condition which affects motor neurons that control movement and leads to progressive muscle weakening.
- It is caused by mutations in survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) which causes a deficiency of a protein crucial for survival of motor neurons in spinal cord.
- Jhumoir Binandini 2025, a Mega Jhumoir programme in Guwahati, Assam:
- Jhumoir dance is a folk dance of Assam Tea Tribe and Adivasi Communities of Assam.
- Mega Jhumoir event symbolises 200 years of tea industry, & also 200 years of industrialisation in Assam.
- International Conference on Carbon Markets – PRAKRITI 2025
- (Promoting Resilience, Awareness, Knowledge, and Resources for Integrating Transformational Initiatives), was organised in February 2025 in New Delhi, by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) under Ministry of Power.
- Digital Sequence Information:
- It refers to genetic data such as nucleotide sequence, protein sequence of organisms.
- It finds use in multiple areas, but its nonphysical nature complicates traditional methods of managing access and benefit-sharing established under Convention on Biological Diversity to handle tangible genetic resources.
- COP16 will finalise mechanism for fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from use of DSI.
- “Kota Cares” initiative:
- Launched in December 2024, to introduce changes in student housing, safety protocols, and support systems.
- It brings together the district administration, coaching institutes, hostel associations and local communities to enhance student well-being.
- Tea Horse Road: It does not refer to a single road but a network of branching paths that began in southwest China and ended in the Indian subcontinent (Kolkata).
- Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacterium, an extremophile and one of the most radiation-resistant organisms
- World’s second-most used material after water is concrete.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme:
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Biotechnology in Agriculture:
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Q1. Which of the following statements best describes the term “Surveillance Capitalism”?
A. It is an economic system in which regulatory authorities keep surveillance on activities carried out in the economy by private sector.
B. It is an economic system in which foreign companies collect the data and share with government in their host countries.
C. It is an economic system in which State keeps an eye on activities of its citizen through collection and analysis of data.
D. It is an economic system in which personal data is collected, analysed, and sold by companies to predict and manipulate human behaviour.
Answer: D
Q.2 “Battle of Karnal” was fought between –
A. Nadir Shah of Iran and Muhammad Shah ‘Rangila’.
B. Babur and Ibrahim Lodi
C. Akbar and Hemu
D. Maharana Pratap and Mughal forces led by Man Singh I of Amber
Answer: A
Q3. Consider the following statements about PRAKRITI 2025:
- It is an International Conference on Carbon Markets held in New Delhi.
- It is organised by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) under Ministry of Power.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
Q4. Consider the following statements about Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme:
- It is Centrally Sponsored Scheme to supplement financial needs of small & marginal farmers.
- Financial benefit of Rs 6,000/- per year is transferred in three equal instalments into bank accounts of farmers through DBT mode.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A
Q5. Gahirmatha beach in Odisha is very well known for –
A. Water recedes back about 2 kilometres during low tide.
B. Mass nesting of Olive Ridley Turtles.
C. Mangroves forest
D. Habitat of Saltwater Crocodile
Answer: B
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