Q.44 Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss. GS-I: ART AND CULTURE (UPSC CSE 2013) (100 words/5 marks)

Answer:

THE APPROACH

Introduction: Mention in one or two lines the context of Chola architecture.

 

Body: Discuss the key features of the Chola architecture to highlight its grandeur.

 

Conclusion: Sum up by pointing out the influence of Chola architecture on other kingdoms or dynasties.

Introduction

The Pallavas laid the foundation of the Dravidian style of temple architecture. But it was the Cholas who gradually took this style to its peak.

Body

In the 11th century, masterpieces of the Chola art and architecture began to appear. The temples in Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram and Darasuram were built during the reigns of Rajaraja I, Rajendra I Chola and Rajaraja II, respectively. The Chola temples were grand structures embellished with carvings and paintings. The Gopuram and Vimana display beautiful sculptures of various gods, goddesses, kings, and queens etc.

The walls of Brihadeswara temple are richly decorated with Shiva paintings. The outer walls of Nataraj temple at Chidambaram display beautiful 108 poses of Shiva Tandava. The Cholas refined the temple architecture by using stone as the building material. The pillared audience hall (Mandapa) and Garbhagriha along with the main entrance and pyramidical Vimana represent the grandness of Chola architecture. A beautiful Shikhara stone adorns the temple top with meticulous carvings.

Conclusion

The entire Tamil landscape was covered with beautiful temples like Nageshwara, Brihadeswara, and Airavateshwara. The Chola architecture as a high watermark in the temple architecture is also indicated by the fact that it later inspired the other kingdoms in South India and Sri Lanka.

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