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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1. Consider the following statements regarding ‘Operation Kachchhap’:
1. It was aimed at preventing the illegal trafficking and trading of ‘Turtles of Ganges’.
2. It was conducted by the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Context: DRI saves 955 live baby Gangetic turtles in a crackdown on illegal wildlife trade in multicity Operation “Kachchhap”; apprehends 6 persons.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Objective of Operation Kachchhap is to prevent the illegal trafficking and trading of ‘Turtles of Ganges’.
● The species of Gangetic turtles rescued are Indian Tent Turtle, Indian Flapshell Turtle, Crown River Turtle, Black spotted/Pond Turtle and Brown Roofed Turtle.
● Some of them are specified as vulnerable/ near threatened species under IUCN Red List and Schedule I and II of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
● Illegal trade and habitat degradation are major threats to these species.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The operation was conducted by DRI (Directorate of Revenue Intelligence).Incorrect
Answer: A
Context: DRI saves 955 live baby Gangetic turtles in a crackdown on illegal wildlife trade in multicity Operation “Kachchhap”; apprehends 6 persons.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Objective of Operation Kachchhap is to prevent the illegal trafficking and trading of ‘Turtles of Ganges’.
● The species of Gangetic turtles rescued are Indian Tent Turtle, Indian Flapshell Turtle, Crown River Turtle, Black spotted/Pond Turtle and Brown Roofed Turtle.
● Some of them are specified as vulnerable/ near threatened species under IUCN Red List and Schedule I and II of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
● Illegal trade and habitat degradation are major threats to these species.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The operation was conducted by DRI (Directorate of Revenue Intelligence). -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2. Consider the following statements:
1. Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) was launched at the Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2023.
2. Mission Innovation (MI) on Clean Energy was announced at the G-20 Summit, 2023 under the leadership of India.
3. The Panchamrit Action Plan was announced by India at COP26 to the UNFCCC in 2021.
4. The Green Development Pact, spearheaded by India, was announced at COP21 of UNFCCC in 2015.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Context: Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology talked about India’s commitments towards environmental well-being. He recalled many environmental Initiatives adopted and led by India.
“India has remained steadfast in its transition towards clean energy achieving the fastest pace of renewable capacity addition amongst all major economies and ambitious transition goals articulated by Prime Minister Modi, in India’s Panchamrit declaration at COP26”: Dr Jitendra Singh.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect:
Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) –
• The Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is an India-led initiative to develop an alliance of Governments, International organizations and Industry to facilitate adoption of biofuels.
• The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is an initiative by India as the G20 Chair.
• India, the United States, and Brazil spearheaded this initiative.
• As many as 19 countries, including seven G20 nations — India, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Italy, South Africa and the US — and 12 international organisations have already agreed to join the GBA (As of September 10, 2023).
• Bringing together the biggest consumers and producers of biofuels to drive biofuels development and deployment, the GBA aims to position biofuels as a key to energy transition and contribute to jobs and economic growth.
• Bangladesh, Singapore, Mauritius, UAE, Iceland, Kenya, Guyana, Paraguay, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Uganda and Finland have also agreed to be initiating members of the GBA.
Statement 2 is incorrect:
• The ‘Mission Innovation’ (MI) was launched by 20 countries during COP 21 of UNFCCC in November 2015 in Paris.
• India was one of the three countries, which took initiative in sowing the seed of ‘Mission Innovation’, a term coined by the Prime Minister of India.
• MI is currently composed of 25 member Countries and the European Commission.
• These countries committed to double Government funding on clean energy research and development over 5 years and enhance international engagement in programmes on clean energy R&D.
• Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under the Ministry of Science & Technology is the nodal agency coordinating and steering activities of Mission Innovation (MI) in India.
Statement 3 is correct:
• Panchamrit Action Plan: India pledged for climate action at the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Glasgow, United Kingdom in November, 2021.
• Panchamrit: India has presented the following five nectar elements (Panchamrit) of India’s climate action:
a) Reach 500 GW Non-fossil energy capacities by 2030.
b) 50% of its energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030.
c) Reduction of total projected carbon emissions by 1 billion tons from now to 2030.
d) Reduction of the carbon intensity of the economy by 45% by 2030, over 2005 levels.
e) Achieving the target of net zero emissions by 2070.
Statement 4 is incorrect:
Green Development Pact:
• Green Development Pact was agreed upon by G20 members in the Delhi Summit 2023 under the leadership of India.
• The five pillars of the Green Development Pact, under India’s G20 Presidency, are envisaged to include:
1) Lifestyle of Environment (LiFE),
2) Circular Economy,
3) Climate Finance,
4) Accelerating Progress on SDGs,
5) Energy Transitions & Energy Security.Incorrect
Answer: A
Context: Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology talked about India’s commitments towards environmental well-being. He recalled many environmental Initiatives adopted and led by India.
“India has remained steadfast in its transition towards clean energy achieving the fastest pace of renewable capacity addition amongst all major economies and ambitious transition goals articulated by Prime Minister Modi, in India’s Panchamrit declaration at COP26”: Dr Jitendra Singh.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect:
Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) –
• The Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is an India-led initiative to develop an alliance of Governments, International organizations and Industry to facilitate adoption of biofuels.
• The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is an initiative by India as the G20 Chair.
• India, the United States, and Brazil spearheaded this initiative.
• As many as 19 countries, including seven G20 nations — India, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Italy, South Africa and the US — and 12 international organisations have already agreed to join the GBA (As of September 10, 2023).
• Bringing together the biggest consumers and producers of biofuels to drive biofuels development and deployment, the GBA aims to position biofuels as a key to energy transition and contribute to jobs and economic growth.
• Bangladesh, Singapore, Mauritius, UAE, Iceland, Kenya, Guyana, Paraguay, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Uganda and Finland have also agreed to be initiating members of the GBA.
Statement 2 is incorrect:
• The ‘Mission Innovation’ (MI) was launched by 20 countries during COP 21 of UNFCCC in November 2015 in Paris.
• India was one of the three countries, which took initiative in sowing the seed of ‘Mission Innovation’, a term coined by the Prime Minister of India.
• MI is currently composed of 25 member Countries and the European Commission.
• These countries committed to double Government funding on clean energy research and development over 5 years and enhance international engagement in programmes on clean energy R&D.
• Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under the Ministry of Science & Technology is the nodal agency coordinating and steering activities of Mission Innovation (MI) in India.
Statement 3 is correct:
• Panchamrit Action Plan: India pledged for climate action at the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Glasgow, United Kingdom in November, 2021.
• Panchamrit: India has presented the following five nectar elements (Panchamrit) of India’s climate action:
a) Reach 500 GW Non-fossil energy capacities by 2030.
b) 50% of its energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030.
c) Reduction of total projected carbon emissions by 1 billion tons from now to 2030.
d) Reduction of the carbon intensity of the economy by 45% by 2030, over 2005 levels.
e) Achieving the target of net zero emissions by 2070.
Statement 4 is incorrect:
Green Development Pact:
• Green Development Pact was agreed upon by G20 members in the Delhi Summit 2023 under the leadership of India.
• The five pillars of the Green Development Pact, under India’s G20 Presidency, are envisaged to include:
1) Lifestyle of Environment (LiFE),
2) Circular Economy,
3) Climate Finance,
4) Accelerating Progress on SDGs,
5) Energy Transitions & Energy Security. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
3. How many of the following are the most appropriate description of the term “Single Materiality”, recently seen in the news?
1. It refers to the possibility of artificially creating a mineral which could be used for meeting the demands of high capital-intensive industries leading to reduction in material intensity in industrial production.
2. It relates to the recent discovery of an exoplanet by the Hubble Telescope whose surface is made of one single material making this exoplanet the only celestial body with such unique composition.
3. It is a jurisprudential principle developed by the Supreme Court of India to provide interim bail to individuals arrested under the provisions of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
4. It deals with the assessment as to how the environmental and social risks affect a company’s financial performance rather than the company’s impact on the environment and society.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Only statement 4 is correct.
Explanation:
● The acronym ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) has become a defining mantra of our times, integrating business, government, and civil society efforts to manage environmental and social impacts alongside governance issues. Launched in a 2005 UN-led report, ESG has become central to the global corporate landscape, with sustainable investments comprising over a third of all invested assets worldwide.
● However, the lack of uniformity and inherent subjectivity in ESG evaluation criteria have raised concerns about its credibility and effectiveness. ESG ratings often focus on how environmental and social risks affect a company’s financial performance rather than the company’s impact on the environment and society. This approach, known as single materiality, is criticized for allowing companies to claim they promote universal welfare while primarily focusing on de-risking their financial performance.
● European regulators are moving towards double materiality standards, which consider both the impact of external factors on a company and the company’s impact on the environment and society. However, implementing these standards is complex and relies on uncertain assumptions, making it challenging to measure the external effects accurately.Incorrect
Answer: A
Only statement 4 is correct.
Explanation:
● The acronym ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) has become a defining mantra of our times, integrating business, government, and civil society efforts to manage environmental and social impacts alongside governance issues. Launched in a 2005 UN-led report, ESG has become central to the global corporate landscape, with sustainable investments comprising over a third of all invested assets worldwide.
● However, the lack of uniformity and inherent subjectivity in ESG evaluation criteria have raised concerns about its credibility and effectiveness. ESG ratings often focus on how environmental and social risks affect a company’s financial performance rather than the company’s impact on the environment and society. This approach, known as single materiality, is criticized for allowing companies to claim they promote universal welfare while primarily focusing on de-risking their financial performance.
● European regulators are moving towards double materiality standards, which consider both the impact of external factors on a company and the company’s impact on the environment and society. However, implementing these standards is complex and relies on uncertain assumptions, making it challenging to measure the external effects accurately. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
4. In the context of Green Hydrogen Standards announced by the Government of India recently, consider the following statements:
1. The official definition of green hydrogen includes production of green hydrogen using electrolysis and biomass-based methods.
2. The standards stipulate that carbon emissions should not exceed five kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent for every kilogram of hydrogen produced.
3. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) will be the nodal authority for accreditation of agencies for monitoring, verification and certification for green hydrogen production projects.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: A
The Context: The Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has rolled out standards for green hydrogen production in the country.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct- The Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has defined green hydrogen as hydrogen derived from renewable energy sources, either via electrolysis or biomass conversion. The definition also encompasses green energy preserved in energy storage systems. Statement 2 is incorrect-
• Statement 2 is incorrect- The government has stipulated that carbon emissions should not exceed two kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent for every kilogram of hydrogen produced. In the case of production through electrolysis, “the non-biogenic greenhouse gas emissions arising from water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification and drying and compression of hydrogen shall not be greater than 2 kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram of hydrogen (kg CO2 eq/kg Hydrogen), taken as an average over last 12-month period.
• Statement 3 is incorrect- The Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE) will be the nodal authority for accreditation of agencies for monitoring, verification and certification for green hydrogen production projects. BEE is a statutory body which was set up by the Government of India on 1st March 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The mission of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy.Incorrect
Answer: A
The Context: The Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has rolled out standards for green hydrogen production in the country.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct- The Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has defined green hydrogen as hydrogen derived from renewable energy sources, either via electrolysis or biomass conversion. The definition also encompasses green energy preserved in energy storage systems. Statement 2 is incorrect-
• Statement 2 is incorrect- The government has stipulated that carbon emissions should not exceed two kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent for every kilogram of hydrogen produced. In the case of production through electrolysis, “the non-biogenic greenhouse gas emissions arising from water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification and drying and compression of hydrogen shall not be greater than 2 kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram of hydrogen (kg CO2 eq/kg Hydrogen), taken as an average over last 12-month period.
• Statement 3 is incorrect- The Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE) will be the nodal authority for accreditation of agencies for monitoring, verification and certification for green hydrogen production projects. BEE is a statutory body which was set up by the Government of India on 1st March 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The mission of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
5. Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC):
1. It is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
2. It has a mandate to revise and publish the Indian Pharmacopoeia and National formulary of India on a regular basis.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Context: Recently, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) and Government of the Republic of Suriname for Recognition of Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) in Suriname.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: It is an autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Statement 2 is correct The mandate of the Commission is to perform, inter-alia, functions such as revision and publication of the Indian Pharmacopoeia and National formulary of India on a regular basis besides providing IP Reference Substances and training to the stakeholders on Pharmacopoeial issues.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC):
• The IPC is a statutory body formed according to the Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and established by executive orders of the Government of India in 1956. IPC is created to set standards of drugs in India.
• Its basic function is to regularly update the standards of drugs commonly required for treatment of diseases prevailing in this region.
• It publishes official documents for improving Quality of Medicines by way of adding new and updating existing monographs in the form of Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP).
• IP prescribes standards for identity, purity and strength of drugs essentially required from the health care perspective of human beings and animals.
• IPC also provides IP Reference Substances (IPRS) which act as a fingerprint for identification of an article under test and its purity as prescribed in IP.Incorrect
Answer: B
Context: Recently, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) and Government of the Republic of Suriname for Recognition of Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) in Suriname.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: It is an autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Statement 2 is correct The mandate of the Commission is to perform, inter-alia, functions such as revision and publication of the Indian Pharmacopoeia and National formulary of India on a regular basis besides providing IP Reference Substances and training to the stakeholders on Pharmacopoeial issues.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC):
• The IPC is a statutory body formed according to the Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and established by executive orders of the Government of India in 1956. IPC is created to set standards of drugs in India.
• Its basic function is to regularly update the standards of drugs commonly required for treatment of diseases prevailing in this region.
• It publishes official documents for improving Quality of Medicines by way of adding new and updating existing monographs in the form of Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP).
• IP prescribes standards for identity, purity and strength of drugs essentially required from the health care perspective of human beings and animals.
• IPC also provides IP Reference Substances (IPRS) which act as a fingerprint for identification of an article under test and its purity as prescribed in IP.
