Day-651 | Daily MCQs | UPSC Prelims | SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Answer: A
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Monoclonal antibodies are not produced by multiple types of immune cells. Instead, they are produced from a single clone of cells, typically derived from a single immune cell. These cells are all identical and produce antibodies directed against a specific antigen.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Monoclonal antibodies are primarily used for treating various diseases, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancers, but they are not typically used for treating bacterial infections.
• Statement 3 is correct: Monoclonal antibodies can indeed be engineered to target specific proteins or cells in the body. This specificity is one of their key advantages and enables them to be used for targeted therapy in various medical conditions.

Answer: B
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Cloud computing typically involves storing data on remote servers maintained by cloud service providers, rather than storing data on physical servers within the user’s premises. While cloud providers implement various security measures to protect data, the physical location of the servers is often not within the user’s control, making it incorrect to say that all data is stored on physical servers within the user’s premises.
• Statement 2 is correct: Cloud computing offers scalability, allowing users to easily scale up or down their computing resources (such as storage, processing power, and bandwidth) based on their requirements.
• Statement 3 is correct: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) is a cloud computing model where virtualized computing resources, such as virtual machines, storage, and networking, are provided over the internet. Users can rent these resources on a pay-as-you-go basis. whereas SaaS (Software as a Service) is a cloud computing model where software applications are hosted by a third-party provider and made available to customers over the internet. So, both are actually cloud computing models.

Answer: B
Explanation:
• Cryptojacking refers to the unauthorized use of a computer’s processing power to mine cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, Monero, or Ethereum, without the owner’s knowledge or consent. In this type of attack, malicious actors typically inject cryptocurrency mining scripts into websites, emails, or applications.
When a user interacts with the compromised content, their device becomes part of a larger network (a botnet) that collectively mines cryptocurrency for the attacker. This can lead to performance degradation, increased electricity consumption, and potential damage to the device. Cryptojacking has become a prevalent threat in recent years, targeting both individual users and organizations.

Answer: C
Explanation:
• HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) is a thermoplastic polymer characterized by its high strength-to-density ratio, making it strong yet lightweight. It is commonly used for various applications such as containers, bottles, pipes, and plastic boards. HDPE is known for its durability, chemical resistance, and versatility, which makes it suitable for a wide range of industrial and consumer products.

Answer: A
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan uses low-energy gamma rays emitted from a radiotracer to create images of the body’s internal structures. The radiotracer is typically a radioactive form of glucose (such as FDG) that accumulates in tissues with high metabolic activity, such as cancer cells. If high energy gamma rays are used, it will cross the body without the formation of meaningful radiographic images.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: PET Scan is not typically used to detect structural abnormalities in bones and joints. Instead, it is primarily used to visualize metabolic activity and physiological functions in tissues, such as detecting cancer, assessing heart function, and evaluating brain disorders. X-rays are used for bone and joint scans.