TAG: GS 1: ART AND CULTURE
THE CONTEXT: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Mumbai Circle, celebrated World Heritage Day at Panhala Fort, situated 20 kilometers northwest of Kolhapur, Maharashtra.
EXPLANATION:
- The event aimed to raise awareness about the historical and cultural significance of the fort and promote its heritage among locals and visitors.
- As part of the celebrations, ASI officials organized a photo exhibition titled ‘Maratha Military Landscapes,’ showcasing the history and heritage of Panhala Fort.
- The exhibition provided insights into the rich Maratha military history and the strategic importance of forts in India’s defense architecture.
- The event attracted participants from various segments of society, including school and college students, residents of Panhala, and government officials.
Panhala Fort
- Panhala Fort holds immense historical significance, dating back to the 11th century CE during the rule of the Shilahara dynasty.
- Strategically located atop a triangular hill, the fort served as a vital stronghold for various dynasties, including the Yadavas of Devgiri, the Bahamani of Bidar, the Adilshahi of Bijapur, the Marathas, and the Mughals.
- Over the centuries, the fort witnessed numerous battles and changes in ownership, reflecting the region’s tumultuous history.
Locally, the site was known as the abode of serpents and traditionally associated with the sage Parashar
Architectural Features
- The architectural features of Panhala Fort are testament to its rich heritage and cultural legacy.
- The fort’s design and layout, fortified with basalt stone fortifications and natural scarp, reflect the military engineering prowess of its builders.
- Notable structures within the fort complex include the Teen Darwaja (Triple Gate), Chaar Darwaja (Four Gate), Wagh Darwaja, Andhar Vav (Step Well), Nayikinicha Sajja (Dancing Girl’s Tower), and Ambarkhana (Granary).
- Each of these structures bears historical and architectural significance, offering glimpses into the past.
Inclusion in UNESCO World Heritage List
- In January 2022, ASI submitted nominations for 12 forts from India, including Panhala Fort, for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
- These nominations were part of the ‘Maratha Military Landscapes’ initiative, highlighting the extraordinary fortification and military systems envisioned by the Maratha rulers.
- The inclusion of Panhala Fort and other nominated forts in the UNESCO list would further enhance their global recognition and conservation efforts.
Future Conservation and Development Plans
- ASI has outlined plans for conservation and development works at Panhala Fort to preserve its historical and architectural heritage.
- These efforts include restoration of structures, maintenance of water bodies, and enhancement of visitor facilities.
- Additionally, ASI anticipates visits from international organizations such as the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) to assess the nominated forts post-monsoon season in the current year.