TAG: GS 3: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
THE CONTEXT: As per a research paper, a new species of silverline butterfly has been identified in the biodiversity hotspots in India’s Western Ghats.
EXPLANATION:
- The conjoined silverline or Cigaritis conjuncta butterfly was discovered in Honey Valley, Kodagu district of Karnataka.
- A total of five male and four female specimens were found during the research, providing crucial insights into its behavior and characteristics.
- Thirty individuals of this species were identified during the field research.
- In 2008, the first glimpse of a distinctive butterfly species was captured during a field trip to Iruppu Falls in the Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka, India.
- A researcher encountered and photographed what would later be identified as the “conjoined silverline” or Cigaritis conjuncta.
- However, due to the lack of necessary research permits at the time, an in-depth study was not feasible.
- Fast forward to 2021, the research gained momentum as more sightings of the conjoined silverline butterfly were reported.
- A collaborative effort between the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR) in Bengaluru and the Indian Foundation for Butterflies Trust led to an extensive investigation.
- The study aimed to unravel the mysteries surrounding this unique butterfly species.
Cigaritis conjuncta:
- Distinctive Wing Patterns:
- On the upperside, the butterfly exhibits a striking combination of black, shiny blue, and orange hues.
- Notably, the absence of orange markings on the outer edge of the top wing distinguishes it from other species.
- The lower wings feature an orange patch with two black spots.
- Underside Features:
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- Bands of colors on the underside are fused without separation on the top wings.
- Lower wings showcase spots connected to form broad bands with irregular outlines.
- Silver lines down the center and thin black borders along the edges add to the unique characteristics.
Taxonomic Classification:
- Belonging to the Lycaenidae family, the conjoined silverline butterfly is one of the 16 species of silverline butterflies found in India.
- Notably, it is only the second endemic species discovered in the Western Ghats, emphasizing its specialized habitat preferences.
Habitat and Endemism:
- The newly described species primarily inhabits dense mid-elevation evergreen forests in the Western Ghats.
- This indicates a specialized habitat preference, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts in these specific ecosystems.
Comparison with Other Silverline Butterflies:
- While the conjoined silverline may appear similar to other silverline butterflies from a distance, a closer examination reveals distinct wing patterns, especially the fused bands on the underside of the wings.
- This unique characteristic played a pivotal role in naming the species “conjoined silverline.”
Conclusion and Significance:
- The discovery of Cigaritis conjuncta adds a new dimension to the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats.
- Its unique characteristics, habitat preferences, and limited endemism underscore the importance of preserving and understanding the intricate ecosystems of this biodiversity hotspot.
- This collaborative research not only unveils a new butterfly species but also highlights the need for continued exploration and conservation efforts in the Western Ghats region.
