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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points1. With reference to the history of Tamil poetry during the early medieval India, consider the following statements:
1. Kovai were the poetic compositions in which the last line of the preceding poem formed the beginning of the succeeding one.
2. The Pantikkovai, one of the compositions in the Kovai genre, was written in honour of the Pandya king Nedumaran.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
New genres of Tamil poetry emerged in early medieval times, many in praise of kings and gods.
● Kovai are poems in which the verses are arranged in a thematic sequence.Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● Compositions in this genre included: the Pantikkovai, a 6th/7th century work written in honour of the Pandya king Netumaran; Manikkavachakar’sTirukkovaiyar (9th century) in praise of the god Shiva; and PoyyamolipPulavar’sTanchaivananKovai (13th century) about Tanchaivanan, a minister and general of a Pandya king.Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Additional information:
● The Kalampakams were poetic compositions in which the last line, word, foot, or syllable of the preceding poem formed the beginning of the succeeding one.
● Ula literature comprised songs in praise of gods, sung when the image of the deity was taken out in procession.
● Tutu poetry consists of poems in which a message is delivered to a god, lover, or someone else.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
New genres of Tamil poetry emerged in early medieval times, many in praise of kings and gods.
● Kovai are poems in which the verses are arranged in a thematic sequence.Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● Compositions in this genre included: the Pantikkovai, a 6th/7th century work written in honour of the Pandya king Netumaran; Manikkavachakar’sTirukkovaiyar (9th century) in praise of the god Shiva; and PoyyamolipPulavar’sTanchaivananKovai (13th century) about Tanchaivanan, a minister and general of a Pandya king.Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Additional information:
● The Kalampakams were poetic compositions in which the last line, word, foot, or syllable of the preceding poem formed the beginning of the succeeding one.
● Ula literature comprised songs in praise of gods, sung when the image of the deity was taken out in procession.
● Tutu poetry consists of poems in which a message is delivered to a god, lover, or someone else. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points2. Consider the following personalities:
1. Tirumular
2. Pey alvar
3. Karaikal Ammaiyar
4. Puttalvar
Which of the above-mentioned personalities are Vaishnava Saints?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Early medieval Tamil literature includes the inspired and intense devotional poetry of the Vaishnava saints (Alvars) and Shaiva saints (Nayanars or Nayanmars) and their hagiographies.
● Vaishnava poetry took off with the compositions of Pey alvar, Puttalvar, and Poikaialvar. In the 10th century, Nathamuni collected the Alvar hymns into the canon known as the Nalayira Divya Prabandham. The Alvarvaipavam is a sacred biography of the Vaishnava saints.
● Shaiva devotional literature began with the compositions of Tirumular and Karaikal Ammaiyar. The hymns of the Nayanmar saints were compiled in the 10th century by Nambi Andar Nambi and this compilation formed the core of the Shaiva canon, the Tirumurai.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Early medieval Tamil literature includes the inspired and intense devotional poetry of the Vaishnava saints (Alvars) and Shaiva saints (Nayanars or Nayanmars) and their hagiographies.
● Vaishnava poetry took off with the compositions of Pey alvar, Puttalvar, and Poikaialvar. In the 10th century, Nathamuni collected the Alvar hymns into the canon known as the Nalayira Divya Prabandham. The Alvarvaipavam is a sacred biography of the Vaishnava saints.
● Shaiva devotional literature began with the compositions of Tirumular and Karaikal Ammaiyar. The hymns of the Nayanmar saints were compiled in the 10th century by Nambi Andar Nambi and this compilation formed the core of the Shaiva canon, the Tirumurai. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points3. Which of the following statements in the context of history of Jainism is correct?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The sacred books of the Jainas are collectively known as the Siddhanta or Agama. The language of the earliest texts is an eastern dialect of Prakrit known as Ardha-Magadhi.Hence, option a is incorrect.
● The Jaina monastic order came to be divided into the Shvetambara and Digambara schools. According to Shvetambara tradition, the Angas were compiled at a council held at Pataliputra. Hence, option b is incorrect.
● The Parishishtaparvan (12th century) by Hemachandra gives a history of the earliest Jaina teachers and also mentions certain details of political history. Hence, option c is incorrect.
● The non-canonical Jaina works are partly in Prakrit dialects, especially Maharashtri, and partly in Sanskrit, which started being used in the early centuries CE. Hence, option d is correct.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The sacred books of the Jainas are collectively known as the Siddhanta or Agama. The language of the earliest texts is an eastern dialect of Prakrit known as Ardha-Magadhi.Hence, option a is incorrect.
● The Jaina monastic order came to be divided into the Shvetambara and Digambara schools. According to Shvetambara tradition, the Angas were compiled at a council held at Pataliputra. Hence, option b is incorrect.
● The Parishishtaparvan (12th century) by Hemachandra gives a history of the earliest Jaina teachers and also mentions certain details of political history. Hence, option c is incorrect.
● The non-canonical Jaina works are partly in Prakrit dialects, especially Maharashtri, and partly in Sanskrit, which started being used in the early centuries CE. Hence, option d is correct. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points4. With reference to the history of medieval India, the terms sima, sime, sirmairefer to:
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, during the period of Vijayanagara rulers Krishnadevaraya (1509-29 CE) and Achyuta deva raya (1529-42 CE), the military leaders or nayakas emerged in large numbers in the administration. These nayakas were assigned territories (sima, sime, sirmai) by the Vijayanagara kings and in exchange the nayakas had to maintain an armed contingent and collect taxes on behalf of the state.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, during the period of Vijayanagara rulers Krishnadevaraya (1509-29 CE) and Achyuta deva raya (1529-42 CE), the military leaders or nayakas emerged in large numbers in the administration. These nayakas were assigned territories (sima, sime, sirmai) by the Vijayanagara kings and in exchange the nayakas had to maintain an armed contingent and collect taxes on behalf of the state. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points5. Consider the following pairs:
Designations – Responsibilities
1. Diwan-i-Kul – head of the ecclesiastical department.
2. Mir Bakhshi – supervise the imperial treasury
3. Mir Saman – officer in-charge of the royal karkhanas
4. Sadr-us-Sudur – appointments of mansabdars
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Diwan-i Kul: His primary duty was supervising the imperial treasury and checking all accounts.
● Mir Bakhshi: All orders of appointments of mansabdars and their salary papers were endorsed and passed by him. He personally supervised the branding of the horses (dagh) and checked the muster-roll (chehra) of the soldiers.
● Mir Saman: The mir saman was the officer in-charge of the royal karkhanas. He was also known as khan saman. He was the chief executive officer responsible for the purchase of all kinds of articles and their storage for the royal household.
● Sadr-us Sudur: The sadr-us sudur was the head of the ecclesiastical department. His chief duty was to protect the laws of the Shariat. He was also connected with the distribution of charities – both cash (wazifa) and land grants (suyurghal, inam, madad-ima’ash).Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Diwan-i Kul: His primary duty was supervising the imperial treasury and checking all accounts.
● Mir Bakhshi: All orders of appointments of mansabdars and their salary papers were endorsed and passed by him. He personally supervised the branding of the horses (dagh) and checked the muster-roll (chehra) of the soldiers.
● Mir Saman: The mir saman was the officer in-charge of the royal karkhanas. He was also known as khan saman. He was the chief executive officer responsible for the purchase of all kinds of articles and their storage for the royal household.
● Sadr-us Sudur: The sadr-us sudur was the head of the ecclesiastical department. His chief duty was to protect the laws of the Shariat. He was also connected with the distribution of charities – both cash (wazifa) and land grants (suyurghal, inam, madad-ima’ash).
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