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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points1.Consider the following statements regarding peatlands:
1.They are one of the largest natural terrestrial carbon stores.
2.Peatland acts as a natural filter for removing water pollution.
3.Formation of peatlands happens in waterlogged conditions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Context: The peatlands in the central Congo basin require significant investment and more research to safeguard them, according to a new report. The peatlands face significant threats due to hydrocarbon exploration, logging, palm oil plantations, hydroelectric dams and climate change.
Peatlands are a type of wetlands that occur in almost every country on Earth, currently covering 3% of the global land surface. The term ‘peatland’ refers to the peat soil and the wetland habitat growing on its surface.
o In these areas, year-round waterlogged conditions slow the process of plant decomposition to such an extent that dead plants accumulate to form peat.
o Peatland landscapes are varied – from blanket bog landscapes with open, treeless vegetation.
o Large amounts of carbon, fixed from the atmosphere into plant tissues through photosynthesis, are locked away in peat soils, representing a valuable global carbon store. At the same time, peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store.
• Draining peatlands reduces the quality of drinking water due to pollution from dissolved compounds. Damage to peatlands also results in biodiversity loss. For example, the decline of the Bornean Orangutan population by 60% within a sixty-year period is largely attributed to the loss of its peat swamp habitat. Peatlands are also a natural form of water purification and flood protection. Acting as a huge sponge, peatlands soak up and retain water in the landscape, holding back potentially dangerous flood waters. When peatlands do release water, it is cleaner because peat acts as a filter.
• Peatlands are formed due to the accumulation of partially decomposed plant remains over thousands of years under conditions of waterlogging.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Context: The peatlands in the central Congo basin require significant investment and more research to safeguard them, according to a new report. The peatlands face significant threats due to hydrocarbon exploration, logging, palm oil plantations, hydroelectric dams and climate change.
Peatlands are a type of wetlands that occur in almost every country on Earth, currently covering 3% of the global land surface. The term ‘peatland’ refers to the peat soil and the wetland habitat growing on its surface.
o In these areas, year-round waterlogged conditions slow the process of plant decomposition to such an extent that dead plants accumulate to form peat.
o Peatland landscapes are varied – from blanket bog landscapes with open, treeless vegetation.
o Large amounts of carbon, fixed from the atmosphere into plant tissues through photosynthesis, are locked away in peat soils, representing a valuable global carbon store. At the same time, peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store.
• Draining peatlands reduces the quality of drinking water due to pollution from dissolved compounds. Damage to peatlands also results in biodiversity loss. For example, the decline of the Bornean Orangutan population by 60% within a sixty-year period is largely attributed to the loss of its peat swamp habitat. Peatlands are also a natural form of water purification and flood protection. Acting as a huge sponge, peatlands soak up and retain water in the landscape, holding back potentially dangerous flood waters. When peatlands do release water, it is cleaner because peat acts as a filter.
• Peatlands are formed due to the accumulation of partially decomposed plant remains over thousands of years under conditions of waterlogging. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points2. Consider the following pairs:
Component of Natural Farming – Meaning/Interpretation
1.Beejamrit – Biostimulant (by use of microorganisms)
2.Jivamrit – Fermented microbial soluti
3.Whapasa – Creating water vapor condensation
4.Mulching – Covering of soil surface
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points3.Consider the following statements about the Great Indian Bustard:
1.The IUCN status of the Great Indian Bustard is endangered.
2.The Great Indian Bustard enjoys the same level of protection as a black buck in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context: Recently, a Supreme Court appointed-committee has recommended that, in order to protect the endangered Great Indian Bustard, close to 800 km, or about 10% of the length of proposed power lines in the Thar and Kutch deserts of Rajasthan and Gujarat should be re-routed or made to go underground.
The Great Indian Bustard is listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972, in the CMS Convention and in Appendix I of CITES, as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and the National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016). It has also been identified as one of the species for the recovery programme under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
● This Act provides for the protection of a listed species of animals, birds and plants, and also for the establishment of a network of ecologically-important protected areas within the country.
● The Act provides for the formation of wildlife advisory boards, wildlife wardens, specifies their powers and duties, etc.
● With the help of this act, India became a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
● The Act created six schedules which gave varying degrees of protection to classes of flora and fauna.
● Schedule I and Schedule II (Part II) get absolute protection and offences under these schedules attract the utmost penalties.
Schedule I
● This Schedule covers endangered species.
● These species need rigorous protection and thus very harsh penalties for violation of the law are for species under this Schedule.
● Species under this Schedule are prohibited to be hunted throughout India, except under threat to human life.
● Absolute protection is accorded to species in this list.
● Trade of these animals is prohibited.
● Examples: tiger, blackbuck, Himalayan Brown Bear, Brow-Antlered Deer, Blue whale, Common Dolphin, Cheetah, Clouded Leopard, hornbills, Indian Gazelle, etc.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context: Recently, a Supreme Court appointed-committee has recommended that, in order to protect the endangered Great Indian Bustard, close to 800 km, or about 10% of the length of proposed power lines in the Thar and Kutch deserts of Rajasthan and Gujarat should be re-routed or made to go underground.
The Great Indian Bustard is listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972, in the CMS Convention and in Appendix I of CITES, as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and the National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016). It has also been identified as one of the species for the recovery programme under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
● This Act provides for the protection of a listed species of animals, birds and plants, and also for the establishment of a network of ecologically-important protected areas within the country.
● The Act provides for the formation of wildlife advisory boards, wildlife wardens, specifies their powers and duties, etc.
● With the help of this act, India became a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
● The Act created six schedules which gave varying degrees of protection to classes of flora and fauna.
● Schedule I and Schedule II (Part II) get absolute protection and offences under these schedules attract the utmost penalties.
Schedule I
● This Schedule covers endangered species.
● These species need rigorous protection and thus very harsh penalties for violation of the law are for species under this Schedule.
● Species under this Schedule are prohibited to be hunted throughout India, except under threat to human life.
● Absolute protection is accorded to species in this list.
● Trade of these animals is prohibited.
● Examples: tiger, blackbuck, Himalayan Brown Bear, Brow-Antlered Deer, Blue whale, Common Dolphin, Cheetah, Clouded Leopard, hornbills, Indian Gazelle, etc. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points4. Which one of the following protected areas is well-known for the conservation of the ‘sea cow’ that graze on sea grasses?
Correct
Answer:D
Explanation:
Context: Recently, the carcass of a five-year-old dugong, weighing about 80 kg, was washed ashore in Thoothukudi Wildlife Range. On receiving information, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust officials visited the spot.
• The Gulf of Mannar endowed with three distinct Coastal ecosystems namely coral reef, seagrass bed and mangroves is considered one of the world’s richest region from a marine biodiversity perspective, is known for its unique biological wealth and is a store house of marine diversity of global significance.
• The Gulf’s 4,223 species of plants and animals representing from primitive to higher forms make it one of the richest coastal regions in India. Most of the islands have luxuriant growth of mangroves on their shorelines and swampy regions. The sea bottom of the inshore area around the islands are carpeted with seagrass beds which serve as ideal feeding ground for Dugong dugon, the endangered herbivorous marine mammal. It is commonly known as sea cow.
• Highly productive fringing and patch coral reefs surround the islands and are often referred to as underwater tropical rainforest and treasure house for marine biodiversity, in particular marine ornamental fishes. Occurrence of these specialized ecosystems makes Gulf of Mannar an unique large marine ecosystem in the Indian subcontinent.Incorrect
Answer:D
Explanation:
Context: Recently, the carcass of a five-year-old dugong, weighing about 80 kg, was washed ashore in Thoothukudi Wildlife Range. On receiving information, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust officials visited the spot.
• The Gulf of Mannar endowed with three distinct Coastal ecosystems namely coral reef, seagrass bed and mangroves is considered one of the world’s richest region from a marine biodiversity perspective, is known for its unique biological wealth and is a store house of marine diversity of global significance.
• The Gulf’s 4,223 species of plants and animals representing from primitive to higher forms make it one of the richest coastal regions in India. Most of the islands have luxuriant growth of mangroves on their shorelines and swampy regions. The sea bottom of the inshore area around the islands are carpeted with seagrass beds which serve as ideal feeding ground for Dugong dugon, the endangered herbivorous marine mammal. It is commonly known as sea cow.
• Highly productive fringing and patch coral reefs surround the islands and are often referred to as underwater tropical rainforest and treasure house for marine biodiversity, in particular marine ornamental fishes. Occurrence of these specialized ecosystems makes Gulf of Mannar an unique large marine ecosystem in the Indian subcontinent. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points5. The terms Fairrie’s Paphiopedilum, Ladies Slipper and Red vanda, sometimes seen in news, are examples of which of the following?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context: Orchids are increasingly finding a place in home gardens; but they are also one of the most illegally traded flowers in India. The rising demand for orchids has led to unsustainable harvesting practices. Orchids are illegally collected from the wild and traded as ornamental plants for use in traditional medicine.
• The most commonly found orchids in Kerala include the Ladies Slipper and Red Vanda. The orchid-based industry is blooming in neighbouring countries such as Singapore.
• Of the 1,256 orchid species recorded in India, 307 are endemic to India, and only 11 species are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. “There are more than 30,000 species of orchids in the world. The Western Ghats is home to 350 species, about 250 of them are found in Kerala.
• In India, protected species of orchids such as Blue Vanda and Ladies Slipper have been found in wildlife seizures.
• Commonly found orchids in India:
o Red Vanda 2. Villose Paphiopedilum 3. Charlesworth Paphiopedilum 4. Fairrie’s Paphiopedilum 5. Ladies Slipper orchid 6. Spicer’s Paphiopedilum 7. Drury’s Paphiopedilum 8. Ward’s PaphiopedilumIncorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Context: Orchids are increasingly finding a place in home gardens; but they are also one of the most illegally traded flowers in India. The rising demand for orchids has led to unsustainable harvesting practices. Orchids are illegally collected from the wild and traded as ornamental plants for use in traditional medicine.
• The most commonly found orchids in Kerala include the Ladies Slipper and Red Vanda. The orchid-based industry is blooming in neighbouring countries such as Singapore.
• Of the 1,256 orchid species recorded in India, 307 are endemic to India, and only 11 species are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. “There are more than 30,000 species of orchids in the world. The Western Ghats is home to 350 species, about 250 of them are found in Kerala.
• In India, protected species of orchids such as Blue Vanda and Ladies Slipper have been found in wildlife seizures.
• Commonly found orchids in India:
o Red Vanda 2. Villose Paphiopedilum 3. Charlesworth Paphiopedilum 4. Fairrie’s Paphiopedilum 5. Ladies Slipper orchid 6. Spicer’s Paphiopedilum 7. Drury’s Paphiopedilum 8. Ward’s Paphiopedilum
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