Other Revolutions for increased production

1. White Revolution

• • Objective: Increase milk production in India.
  • Key Figure: Verghese Kurien, known as the “Father of the White Revolution.”
  • Program: Operation Flood, launched in 1970 by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
  • Impact: Transformed India into the world’s largest milk producer and consumer.
  • Achievements: Milk production increased from 21.2 million tonnes in 1970-71 to over 236 million tonnes in 2023-34.
  • Approach: Created a national milk grid linking rural producers with urban markets, reduced seasonal price variations, and ensured remunerative prices for producers. This has created some of the biggest milk cooperatives in the world like Amul, Mother Dairy, Nandini, Sudha etc.

2. Blue Revolution

• • Objective: Enhance fish production and promote aquaculture.
  • Period: 1985 onwards.
  • Key Initiatives: Development of fisheries and aquaculture under the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB).
  • Impact: Significant increase in fish production from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 17.5 million tonnes in 2023-24.
  • Significance: Boosted employment and income for fishermen, contributed to food security, and increased exports of fish and fish products.

3. Yellow Revolution

• • Objective: Increase oilseed production.
  • Key Figure: Initiated in the late 1980s.
  • Impact: Oilseed production rose from 12.6 million tonnes in 1986-87 to 42 million tonnes in 2023-24.
  • Approach: Promotion of improved varieties, better farming techniques, and the introduction of the Technology Mission on Oilseeds (TMO) in 1986.
  • Significance: Reduced dependency on edible oil imports and improved the income of oilseed farmers.

4. Silver Revolution

• • Objective: Increase egg production.
  • Period: Started in mid-1960s
  • Key Figure: B.V. Rao, known as the “Father of the Indian Poultry Industry.”
  • Impact: Egg production surged from 0.3 billion in 1950-51 to over 138 billion in 2022-23, ensuring a per capita egg availability of about 100 eggs per year.
  • Approach: Introduction of scientific poultry farming methods, better breeding techniques, and improved feed quality.
  • Significance: Enhanced nutritional standards, created employment, and contributed to rural development.

5. Golden Revolution

• • Objective: Boost horticulture production, including fruits, vegetables, and honey.
  • Period: After 1991 reforms
  • Key Initiatives: National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and the Horticulture Development Program.
  • Impact: Horticulture production increased from 96.6 million tonnes in 1991-92 to over 355 million tonnes in 2023-24.
  • Significance: Enhanced nutritional security, increased income for farmers, and promoted diversification in agriculture.