Day-774
Quiz-summary
0 of 20 questions completed
Questions:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
Information
DAILY MCQ
You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.
Quiz is loading...
You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.
You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:
Results
0 of 20 questions answered correctly
Your time:
Time has elapsed
You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)
Categories
- Not categorized 0%
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- Answered
- Review
-
Question 1 of 20
1. Question
With reference to the Quit India movement, consider the following statements:
1. The major driving force of this movement was the collapse of the Wavell Plan.
2. The main demand of the movement was to end the British rule in India and to get the cooperation of Indians against fascism.
3. The Indian flag was raised at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement by Mahatma Gandhi.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The major driving force of this Movement was the collapse of the Cripps Mission.
● Statement 2 is correct: The main demand of the movement was to end British rule in India and to get the cooperation of Indians against fascism.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The Indian flag was raised at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement by Aruna Asaf Ali.
Additional information:
● On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the ‘Quit India’ movement.
● The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government. Disorderly and non-violent demonstrations took place throughout the country in the following days.
● By the middle of 1942, Japanese troops were approaching the borders of India. Pressure was mounting from China, the United States and Britain to solve the issue of the future status of India before the end of the war.
● In March 1942, the Prime Minister dispatched Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the War Cabinet, to India to discuss the British Government’s Draft Declaration. The draft granted India Dominion status after the war but otherwise conceded few changes to the British Government Act of 1935.
● The draft was unacceptable to the Congress Working Committee who rejected it. The failure of the Cripps Mission further estranged the Congress and the British Government.
● Gandhi seized upon the failure of the Cripps Mission, the advances of the Japanese in South-East Asia and the general frustration with the British in India. He called for a voluntary British withdrawal from India. From 29 April to 1 May 1942, the All-India Congress Committee assembled in Allahabad to discuss the resolution of the Working Committee.
● Although Gandhi was absent from the meeting, many of his points were admitted into the resolution: the most significant of them being the commitment to non-violence. On 14 July 1942, the Congress Working Committee met again at Wardha and resolved that it would authorise Gandhi to take charge of the non-violent mass movement.
● The Resolution, generally referred to as the ‘Quit India’ resolution, was to be approved by the All-India Congress Committee meeting in Bombay in August.
● On 7 to 8 August 1942, the All-India Congress Committee met in Bombay and ratified the ‘Quit India’ resolution. Gandhi called for ‘Do or Die’. The next day, on 9 August 1942, Gandhi, members of the Congress Working Committee and other Congress leaders were arrested by the British Government under the Defence of India Rules.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The major driving force of this Movement was the collapse of the Cripps Mission.
● Statement 2 is correct: The main demand of the movement was to end British rule in India and to get the cooperation of Indians against fascism.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The Indian flag was raised at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement by Aruna Asaf Ali.
Additional information:
● On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the ‘Quit India’ movement.
● The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government. Disorderly and non-violent demonstrations took place throughout the country in the following days.
● By the middle of 1942, Japanese troops were approaching the borders of India. Pressure was mounting from China, the United States and Britain to solve the issue of the future status of India before the end of the war.
● In March 1942, the Prime Minister dispatched Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the War Cabinet, to India to discuss the British Government’s Draft Declaration. The draft granted India Dominion status after the war but otherwise conceded few changes to the British Government Act of 1935.
● The draft was unacceptable to the Congress Working Committee who rejected it. The failure of the Cripps Mission further estranged the Congress and the British Government.
● Gandhi seized upon the failure of the Cripps Mission, the advances of the Japanese in South-East Asia and the general frustration with the British in India. He called for a voluntary British withdrawal from India. From 29 April to 1 May 1942, the All-India Congress Committee assembled in Allahabad to discuss the resolution of the Working Committee.
● Although Gandhi was absent from the meeting, many of his points were admitted into the resolution: the most significant of them being the commitment to non-violence. On 14 July 1942, the Congress Working Committee met again at Wardha and resolved that it would authorise Gandhi to take charge of the non-violent mass movement.
● The Resolution, generally referred to as the ‘Quit India’ resolution, was to be approved by the All-India Congress Committee meeting in Bombay in August.
● On 7 to 8 August 1942, the All-India Congress Committee met in Bombay and ratified the ‘Quit India’ resolution. Gandhi called for ‘Do or Die’. The next day, on 9 August 1942, Gandhi, members of the Congress Working Committee and other Congress leaders were arrested by the British Government under the Defence of India Rules. -
Question 2 of 20
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Satara ‘prati sarkar’:
1. It was set up in Maharashtra in 1943 with volunteer corps (seba dals) and village units (tufan dals).
2. It was dominated by kunbi peasants and was supported by Dalits.
3. It was dissolved after the direction of Gandhiji on 8th August 1944.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was set up in Maharashtra in 1943 with volunteer corps (seba dals) and village units (tufan dals).
● Statement 2 is correct: It was dominated by kunbi peasants and supported by Dalits.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: It functioned till the elections of 1946, despite government repression and congress disapproval.
Additional information:
● During the Quit India movement, parallel governments were formed in different parts of the country, challenging the authority of the British Raj. One such government took shape in the Satara district of Maharashtra in 1942-43, known as Prati Sarkar.
● The Prati Sarkar was formed under the leadership of Krantisinha Nana Patel. The Sarkar held control over 600 villages, and functioned as a government in every possible way, having its own system of markets, law and order, and food distribution.
● They penalized money lenders and landlord collaborators of the Raj. Violence against women was severely punished by the Sarkar.
● The Sena raided the imperial establishments to gather funds for their functioning.
● In its three years of existence, the Prati Sarkar dealt a humiliating blow to the colonial government. Neither the police nor the army could re-establish control over Sarkar’s territory.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was set up in Maharashtra in 1943 with volunteer corps (seba dals) and village units (tufan dals).
● Statement 2 is correct: It was dominated by kunbi peasants and supported by Dalits.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: It functioned till the elections of 1946, despite government repression and congress disapproval.
Additional information:
● During the Quit India movement, parallel governments were formed in different parts of the country, challenging the authority of the British Raj. One such government took shape in the Satara district of Maharashtra in 1942-43, known as Prati Sarkar.
● The Prati Sarkar was formed under the leadership of Krantisinha Nana Patel. The Sarkar held control over 600 villages, and functioned as a government in every possible way, having its own system of markets, law and order, and food distribution.
● They penalized money lenders and landlord collaborators of the Raj. Violence against women was severely punished by the Sarkar.
● The Sena raided the imperial establishments to gather funds for their functioning.
● In its three years of existence, the Prati Sarkar dealt a humiliating blow to the colonial government. Neither the police nor the army could re-establish control over Sarkar’s territory. -
Question 3 of 20
3. Question
With reference to the history of India, “Direct Action Day” was related to which of the following?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Direct Action Day is related to press the League’s demand for Pakistan.
● In 1946, Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared 16 August as ‘Direct Action Day’ and called for Muslims all over the country to ‘suspend all businesses.
● This was to put pressure on the British government to relent to the Muslim League’s (headed by Jinnah) demand of dividing the country on the basis of religion, thereby allowing the creation of a Muslim-dominated Pakistan.
● The state of Bengal was one of those very few pockets in the country where Muslims were a majority. However, they were precariously positioned against a political hinterland inhabited by the Hindu-dominated National Congress, the Communist Party of India and the Hindu Mahasabha.
● Additionally, as the freedom struggle against the colonial masters waged on, notions of nationalism became more intricately entwined with religion. Being an Indian started being equated with being a Hindu. However, the idea was to only assert the Indian identity against the European coloniser.
● Writings of several thinkers, especially in Bengal, borrowed heavily from religious imagery and symbolism. These included names like Aurobindo Ghosh, Swami Vivekananda and Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay.
● Perhaps, initially, the intention was not to alienate Muslims, but to find a coherent, firm voice against the British. Unfortunately, it did indeed serve to deepen the chasm between Hindus and MuslimsIncorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Direct Action Day is related to press the League’s demand for Pakistan.
● In 1946, Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared 16 August as ‘Direct Action Day’ and called for Muslims all over the country to ‘suspend all businesses.
● This was to put pressure on the British government to relent to the Muslim League’s (headed by Jinnah) demand of dividing the country on the basis of religion, thereby allowing the creation of a Muslim-dominated Pakistan.
● The state of Bengal was one of those very few pockets in the country where Muslims were a majority. However, they were precariously positioned against a political hinterland inhabited by the Hindu-dominated National Congress, the Communist Party of India and the Hindu Mahasabha.
● Additionally, as the freedom struggle against the colonial masters waged on, notions of nationalism became more intricately entwined with religion. Being an Indian started being equated with being a Hindu. However, the idea was to only assert the Indian identity against the European coloniser.
● Writings of several thinkers, especially in Bengal, borrowed heavily from religious imagery and symbolism. These included names like Aurobindo Ghosh, Swami Vivekananda and Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay.
● Perhaps, initially, the intention was not to alienate Muslims, but to find a coherent, firm voice against the British. Unfortunately, it did indeed serve to deepen the chasm between Hindus and Muslims -
Question 4 of 20
4. Question
Consider the following statements about the Lucknow pact:
1. It was an understanding between the Congress and the Muslim League aimed to provide Indian citizens self-government.
2. Congress accepted the provision of separate electorates under the pact.
3. The pact provided a joint political platform for the Moderates, Extremists and the Muslim League.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was an understanding between the Congress and the Muslim League aimed to provide Indian citizens self-government.
● Statement 2 is correct: Congress accepted the provision of separate electorates under the pact.
● Statement 3 is correct: The pact provided a joint political platform for the Moderates, Extremists and the Muslim League.
Additional information:
● The Lucknow Pact was adopted in 1916 in the month of December at a joint conference in Lucknow between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League (AIML).
● The Congress adopted the Lucknow Pact 1916 on December 29 and the AIML on December 31, 1916.
● The Pact was viewed as a ray of optimism for Hindu–Muslim cooperation.
● The Hindus and Muslims submitted a combined appeal to the British for political reform for the very first time. As a result, there was an increasing belief throughout British India that self-government or Home Rule was a viable option.
● The accord also signified the pinnacle of Hindu-Muslim cooperation.
● The Muslim League and the Indian National Congress built good relations as a consequence. Prior to the agreement, the parties were seen as adversaries who resisted one another and pursued their own goals. The accord, on the other side, created a change in that viewpoint.
● The Lucknow Pact 1916 also aided in the formation of a more friendly relationship among both the major factions inside the Indian National Congress: the ‘extremist’ headed by Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal also known as the Lal Bal Pal trio and the ‘moderate’ faction headed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale till the time of his passing away in 1915 and afterwards headed by Mahatma Gandhi.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was an understanding between the Congress and the Muslim League aimed to provide Indian citizens self-government.
● Statement 2 is correct: Congress accepted the provision of separate electorates under the pact.
● Statement 3 is correct: The pact provided a joint political platform for the Moderates, Extremists and the Muslim League.
Additional information:
● The Lucknow Pact was adopted in 1916 in the month of December at a joint conference in Lucknow between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League (AIML).
● The Congress adopted the Lucknow Pact 1916 on December 29 and the AIML on December 31, 1916.
● The Pact was viewed as a ray of optimism for Hindu–Muslim cooperation.
● The Hindus and Muslims submitted a combined appeal to the British for political reform for the very first time. As a result, there was an increasing belief throughout British India that self-government or Home Rule was a viable option.
● The accord also signified the pinnacle of Hindu-Muslim cooperation.
● The Muslim League and the Indian National Congress built good relations as a consequence. Prior to the agreement, the parties were seen as adversaries who resisted one another and pursued their own goals. The accord, on the other side, created a change in that viewpoint.
● The Lucknow Pact 1916 also aided in the formation of a more friendly relationship among both the major factions inside the Indian National Congress: the ‘extremist’ headed by Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal also known as the Lal Bal Pal trio and the ‘moderate’ faction headed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale till the time of his passing away in 1915 and afterwards headed by Mahatma Gandhi. -
Question 5 of 20
5. Question
With reference to Prarthana Samaj, consider the following statements:
1. It was started by Mahadeo Govind Ranade supporting monotheistic ideals while denouncing caste prejudice and the power of the priesthood.
2. It started an overhaul of the education system in India by introducing the DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) schools which came into existence in 1886.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It was started by Atmaram Pandurang supporting monotheistic ideals while denouncing caste prejudice and the power of the priesthood.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) schools which came into existence in 1886 were started by Arya Samaj.
Additional information:
● The Prarthana Samaj adhered to the Sadharan Barahmo Sabha’s principles and incorporated the thoughts of ancient Marathi saints and poets into its services.
● Theists were the Prarthana Samajists. They observed Hindu ceremonies without understanding their religious significance. They believed that God is the universe’s creator. It is indestructible, spiritual, and joyful. Whoever worships him finds happiness. Because all men are his children, they should act brotherly toward one another.
● They were aware of the widespread belief that the Maharashtrians were devout devotees of certain deities. They did not go against popular sentiment. They stated that whatever they worshipped was the worship of the one true God.
● They permitted but did not profess image worship. Social reforms were a priority for the Prarthana Samajists. They began the task of education by establishing a Night School for workers, labourers, and their children.
● At pilgrimages for needy people and children, the Prarthana Samajists founded social organisations such as asylums and orphanages.
● To combat the inhuman practice of untouchability, they founded the Depressed Classes Mission and made every effort to eradicate the problem. To advance women’s status, the Prarthana Samajists discouraged child marriages and emphasised the importance of female education and widow remarriage.
● Samaj possessed a regional flavour. Although it derived its theism from Hinduism, it did not consider the Veda divine.
● It also rejected the doctrines of transmigration and God’s incarnation. It did not disassociate itself from Hindu elements, both religious and social, and adhered closely to traditional models.
● The members observed Hindu rituals solely as rituals or routines devoid of religious significance.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It was started by Atmaram Pandurang supporting monotheistic ideals while denouncing caste prejudice and the power of the priesthood.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) schools which came into existence in 1886 were started by Arya Samaj.
Additional information:
● The Prarthana Samaj adhered to the Sadharan Barahmo Sabha’s principles and incorporated the thoughts of ancient Marathi saints and poets into its services.
● Theists were the Prarthana Samajists. They observed Hindu ceremonies without understanding their religious significance. They believed that God is the universe’s creator. It is indestructible, spiritual, and joyful. Whoever worships him finds happiness. Because all men are his children, they should act brotherly toward one another.
● They were aware of the widespread belief that the Maharashtrians were devout devotees of certain deities. They did not go against popular sentiment. They stated that whatever they worshipped was the worship of the one true God.
● They permitted but did not profess image worship. Social reforms were a priority for the Prarthana Samajists. They began the task of education by establishing a Night School for workers, labourers, and their children.
● At pilgrimages for needy people and children, the Prarthana Samajists founded social organisations such as asylums and orphanages.
● To combat the inhuman practice of untouchability, they founded the Depressed Classes Mission and made every effort to eradicate the problem. To advance women’s status, the Prarthana Samajists discouraged child marriages and emphasised the importance of female education and widow remarriage.
● Samaj possessed a regional flavour. Although it derived its theism from Hinduism, it did not consider the Veda divine.
● It also rejected the doctrines of transmigration and God’s incarnation. It did not disassociate itself from Hindu elements, both religious and social, and adhered closely to traditional models.
● The members observed Hindu rituals solely as rituals or routines devoid of religious significance. -
Question 6 of 20
6. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Provincial elections of 1937:
1. Provincial elections were mandated by the Government of India Act, 1935.
2. It was held in both princely states and provinces of British India in the winter of 1936-37.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Provincial elections were mandated by the Government of India Act 1935.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: It was held only in eleven provinces of British India in the winter of 1936-37. Eleven provinces – Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sindh.
Additional information:
● The results were very encouraging for the Congress
● Except for Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh, the Congress had fared well in other regions.
● In Bengal, NWFP, Assam and Bombay, Congress emerged as the single largest party, whereas in Punjab and Sindh its performance was poor.
● But the Congress could not do well in the elections to upper houses as the franchise was limited to the upper strata only.
● The performance of Congress in reserved constituencies was not at all satisfactory except in the labour seats.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Provincial elections were mandated by the Government of India Act 1935.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: It was held only in eleven provinces of British India in the winter of 1936-37. Eleven provinces – Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sindh.
Additional information:
● The results were very encouraging for the Congress
● Except for Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh, the Congress had fared well in other regions.
● In Bengal, NWFP, Assam and Bombay, Congress emerged as the single largest party, whereas in Punjab and Sindh its performance was poor.
● But the Congress could not do well in the elections to upper houses as the franchise was limited to the upper strata only.
● The performance of Congress in reserved constituencies was not at all satisfactory except in the labour seats. -
Question 7 of 20
7. Question
In March 1946 the British Cabinet sent a three-member mission to Delhi to examine the League’s demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India. Which of the following were members of the Cabinet Mission?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● In March 1946 the British Cabinet sent a three-member mission to Delhi to examine the League’s demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India included:
Lord Pethick-Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Sir Stafford Cripps (President of the Board of Trade), and A. V. Alexander (First Lord of the Admiralty).
Additional information:
● Clement Atlee (British Prime Minister) decided to send a mission to India for the transfer of powers from the British Indian government to Indian leaders.
● Objectives of Cabinet Mission:
❖ To obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as to the framing of a constitution for India.
❖ To formulate a constitution-making body (the Constituent Assembly of India).
❖ To establish an Executive Council with the support of the major Indian parties.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● In March 1946 the British Cabinet sent a three-member mission to Delhi to examine the League’s demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India included:
Lord Pethick-Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Sir Stafford Cripps (President of the Board of Trade), and A. V. Alexander (First Lord of the Admiralty).
Additional information:
● Clement Atlee (British Prime Minister) decided to send a mission to India for the transfer of powers from the British Indian government to Indian leaders.
● Objectives of Cabinet Mission:
❖ To obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as to the framing of a constitution for India.
❖ To formulate a constitution-making body (the Constituent Assembly of India).
❖ To establish an Executive Council with the support of the major Indian parties. -
Question 8 of 20
8. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Constituent Assembly:
1. The idea of a Constituent Assembly was first proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. The members of the Constituent Assembly were chosen on the basis of the provincial elections of 1946.
3. The members were directly elected by adult franchises.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The idea of a Constituent Assembly was first proposed in 1934 by M.N. Roy.
● Statement 2 is correct: The members of the Constituent Assembly were chosen on the basis of the provincial elections of 1946.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The members were indirectly elected.
Additional information:
● The demand for a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for India was a core strand of the anti-colonial freedom movement.
● The Assembly was created in 1946 by the British Cabinet Mission Plan, which also contained provisions on the Assembly’s functioning and composition.
● 229 members of the Assembly came from the 12 British Indian provinces to the Constituent Assembly. The Princely States were represented by 70 individuals.
● Six members were from backward tribes. The Provincial Assembly elected the members of the Constituent Assembly of India by a single, transferable-vote system.
● The total number of members of the Assembly was 389.
● Among these members 292 represented the provinces, 93 were the representatives of the princely states and 4 were from the chief commissioner provinces: Delhi, British Baluchistan, Coorg and Ajmer-Merwara.
● On 9 December 1946, the Constituent Assembly of India met for the first time. Later on, they reassembled again on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The idea of a Constituent Assembly was first proposed in 1934 by M.N. Roy.
● Statement 2 is correct: The members of the Constituent Assembly were chosen on the basis of the provincial elections of 1946.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The members were indirectly elected.
Additional information:
● The demand for a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for India was a core strand of the anti-colonial freedom movement.
● The Assembly was created in 1946 by the British Cabinet Mission Plan, which also contained provisions on the Assembly’s functioning and composition.
● 229 members of the Assembly came from the 12 British Indian provinces to the Constituent Assembly. The Princely States were represented by 70 individuals.
● Six members were from backward tribes. The Provincial Assembly elected the members of the Constituent Assembly of India by a single, transferable-vote system.
● The total number of members of the Assembly was 389.
● Among these members 292 represented the provinces, 93 were the representatives of the princely states and 4 were from the chief commissioner provinces: Delhi, British Baluchistan, Coorg and Ajmer-Merwara.
● On 9 December 1946, the Constituent Assembly of India met for the first time. Later on, they reassembled again on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body. -
Question 9 of 20
9. Question
With reference to the Objective Resolution, consider the following statements:
1. It was moved by JawaharLal Nehru in the Constituent Assembly in the concluding session of the constitution-making process.
2. It expressed the objectives and principles that drove the creation of the Constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It was moved by Jawahar lal Nehru in constituent assembly before the beginning of the constitution-making process on 13 December 1946
● Statement 2 is correct: This resolution expressed the objectives and principles that drove the creation of the Constitution.
Additional information:
● Jawaharlal Nehru introduced these resolutions on December 13, 1946, and the assembly adopted these resolutions on January 22, 1947.
● The following is a summary of these resolutions:
1) India is a sovereign, independent republic
2) India should be a union comprising former British Indian territory, Indian States, and additional areas outside of British India and the Indian States that choose to join the Union
3) The territories that comprise the Union shall be autonomous units, exercising all powers and responsibilities of government and administration save those designated to or vested in the Union
4) All sovereign and independent India’s powers and authority, as well as its constitution, should derive from the people
5) All Indians must be guaranteed social, economic, and political fairness; equality of position and opportunity; equality before the law; and basic freedoms – of expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action – subject to the law and public morality
6) Minorities, backward and tribal communities, the poor and other disadvantaged groups must be well protected
7) The territorial integrity of the Republic, as well as its sovereign rights on land, sea and air, should be preserved in accordance with civilised country justice and law
8) The country would contribute fully and willingly to the advancement of world peace and the well-being of humanity.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It was moved by Jawahar lal Nehru in constituent assembly before the beginning of the constitution-making process on 13 December 1946
● Statement 2 is correct: This resolution expressed the objectives and principles that drove the creation of the Constitution.
Additional information:
● Jawaharlal Nehru introduced these resolutions on December 13, 1946, and the assembly adopted these resolutions on January 22, 1947.
● The following is a summary of these resolutions:
1) India is a sovereign, independent republic
2) India should be a union comprising former British Indian territory, Indian States, and additional areas outside of British India and the Indian States that choose to join the Union
3) The territories that comprise the Union shall be autonomous units, exercising all powers and responsibilities of government and administration save those designated to or vested in the Union
4) All sovereign and independent India’s powers and authority, as well as its constitution, should derive from the people
5) All Indians must be guaranteed social, economic, and political fairness; equality of position and opportunity; equality before the law; and basic freedoms – of expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action – subject to the law and public morality
6) Minorities, backward and tribal communities, the poor and other disadvantaged groups must be well protected
7) The territorial integrity of the Republic, as well as its sovereign rights on land, sea and air, should be preserved in accordance with civilised country justice and law
8) The country would contribute fully and willingly to the advancement of world peace and the well-being of humanity. -
Question 10 of 20
10. Question
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Khudai Khidmatgar?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the NWFP.
● Statement 2 is correct: It continued to firmly oppose the idea of partition.
● Statement 3 is correct: It was commonly known as the “Red Shirts” during the 1920s. Members of the movement were known as “Red Shirts” because of the red uniforms they wore.
● Statement 4 is incorrect: It was a nonviolent resistance movement known for its activism against the British Raj in colonial India.
Additional information:
● In 1929, the Khudai Khidmatgars (“Servants of God”) movement, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, nonviolently mobilized to oppose the British in India’s North West Frontier Province.
● Ghaffar Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement inspired thousands of Pashtuns (also called Pathans), who were known as fierce warriors, and others to lay down their arms and use civil resistance to challenge British rule.
● Although Ghaffar Khan’s initial reform efforts predated his involvement with Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (INC), he later formed a formal alliance with them and became a formidable force during and following the INC’s civil disobedience campaign of 1930-1931, helping the INC win provincial elections in 1937.
● Ghaffar Khan, who is also known as Badshah Khan and the “Frontier Gandhi,” formed the world’s first nonviolent army, a force of perhaps 100,000 Pathans who took a solemn oath in joining the “Servants of God” movement, with each stating that “since God needs no service.
● Initially they set to work organizing village projects and opening schools, but soon they became part of the broader Indian Independence movement, accepting without retaliation some of the fiercest British repression—mass firings on unarmed crowds, torture, personal humiliation, setting homes and fields on fire, and even the destruction of entire villages.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the NWFP.
● Statement 2 is correct: It continued to firmly oppose the idea of partition.
● Statement 3 is correct: It was commonly known as the “Red Shirts” during the 1920s. Members of the movement were known as “Red Shirts” because of the red uniforms they wore.
● Statement 4 is incorrect: It was a nonviolent resistance movement known for its activism against the British Raj in colonial India.
Additional information:
● In 1929, the Khudai Khidmatgars (“Servants of God”) movement, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, nonviolently mobilized to oppose the British in India’s North West Frontier Province.
● Ghaffar Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement inspired thousands of Pashtuns (also called Pathans), who were known as fierce warriors, and others to lay down their arms and use civil resistance to challenge British rule.
● Although Ghaffar Khan’s initial reform efforts predated his involvement with Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (INC), he later formed a formal alliance with them and became a formidable force during and following the INC’s civil disobedience campaign of 1930-1931, helping the INC win provincial elections in 1937.
● Ghaffar Khan, who is also known as Badshah Khan and the “Frontier Gandhi,” formed the world’s first nonviolent army, a force of perhaps 100,000 Pathans who took a solemn oath in joining the “Servants of God” movement, with each stating that “since God needs no service.
● Initially they set to work organizing village projects and opening schools, but soon they became part of the broader Indian Independence movement, accepting without retaliation some of the fiercest British repression—mass firings on unarmed crowds, torture, personal humiliation, setting homes and fields on fire, and even the destruction of entire villages. -
Question 11 of 20
11. Question
With reference to the Indian Council Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms), consider the following statements:
1. The Act introduced the concept of direct election to Indian councils.
2. This Act extended democratic participation by increasing the size of the legislative councils, both at the Central and the Provincial level.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Indian Councils Act 1909 also called the Morley-Minto reforms –introduced indirect elections to Indian councils along with special electoral preferences for Muslim minorities and various commercial and functional interests. The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
● Statement 2 is correct: This Act extended democratic participation by increasing the size of the legislative councils, both at the Central and provincial levels.
Additional information:
● Indian Councils Act of 1909, also called Morley-Minto Reforms, series of reform measures enacted in 1909 by the British Parliament, the main component of which directly introduced the elective principle to membership in the imperial and local legislative councils in India. The act was formulated by John Morley, Secretary of State for India (1905–10).
● In Great Britain the Liberal Party had scored an electoral victory in 1906 that marked the dawn of a new era of reforms for British India.
● The relatively new Secretary of State hampered though he was by Lord Minto, the British viceroy of India (1905–10) was able to introduce several important innovations into the legislative and administrative machinery of the British Indian government.
● Implementing Queen Victoria’s promise of equality of opportunity for Indians, he appointed two Indian members to his council at Whitehall: one a Muslim, Sayyid Husain Bilgrami, who had taken an active role in the founding of the Muslim League; and the other a Hindu, Krishna G. Gupta, a senior Indian in the Indian Civil Service (ICS). Morley also persuaded a reluctant Lord Minto to appoint to the viceroy’s Executive Council the first Indian member, Satyendra P. Sinha, in 1909.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Indian Councils Act 1909 also called the Morley-Minto reforms –introduced indirect elections to Indian councils along with special electoral preferences for Muslim minorities and various commercial and functional interests. The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
● Statement 2 is correct: This Act extended democratic participation by increasing the size of the legislative councils, both at the Central and provincial levels.
Additional information:
● Indian Councils Act of 1909, also called Morley-Minto Reforms, series of reform measures enacted in 1909 by the British Parliament, the main component of which directly introduced the elective principle to membership in the imperial and local legislative councils in India. The act was formulated by John Morley, Secretary of State for India (1905–10).
● In Great Britain the Liberal Party had scored an electoral victory in 1906 that marked the dawn of a new era of reforms for British India.
● The relatively new Secretary of State hampered though he was by Lord Minto, the British viceroy of India (1905–10) was able to introduce several important innovations into the legislative and administrative machinery of the British Indian government.
● Implementing Queen Victoria’s promise of equality of opportunity for Indians, he appointed two Indian members to his council at Whitehall: one a Muslim, Sayyid Husain Bilgrami, who had taken an active role in the founding of the Muslim League; and the other a Hindu, Krishna G. Gupta, a senior Indian in the Indian Civil Service (ICS). Morley also persuaded a reluctant Lord Minto to appoint to the viceroy’s Executive Council the first Indian member, Satyendra P. Sinha, in 1909. -
Question 12 of 20
12. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the decisions of the Language Committee of the Constituent Assembly:
1. Hindi in the Devanagari script would be the official language.
2. For the first fifty years, English would continue to be used for all official purposes.
3. Each province was to be allowed to choose one of the regional languages for official work within the province.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Hindi in the Devanagari script would be the official language.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: For the first fifteen years, English would continue to be used for all official purposes.
● Statement 3 is correct: Each province was to be allowed to choose one of the regional languages for official work within the province.
Additional information:
● The question of the national language was one of the most contentious and vehemently argued by Constituent Assembly members.
● Members of this debate envisaged India as a nation, identified regional and linguistic identities, and strove to develop unity of purpose to set the groundwork for modern India in this discussion.
● The talks highlighted a schism between North and South India, as well as took communal overtones.
● By the 1930s, Congress had agreed that Hindustani should be the official language of India. Mahatma Gandhi believed that everyone should talk in a language that the common individual could comprehend.
● Hindustani, a hybrid of Hindi and Urdu was a widely spoken language in India, and it was a composite language enriched by the interaction of many cultures.
● It had assimilated words and concepts from a wide range of sources over the years and was thus understood by people from all over the world.
● This multi-cultural language, Mahatma Gandhi believed, would be the ideal medium of communication across varied populations, uniting Hindus and Muslims, as well as individuals from the north and south.
● However, since the end of the nineteenth century, Hindustani as a language has been progressively changing. As communal tensions grew, Hindi and Urdu began to drift apart.
● On the one side, there was a push to Sanskritize Hindi, ridding it of all Persian and Arabic vocabulary. On the other hand, Urdu was becoming more Persianized.
● As a result, language became intertwined with religious identity politics. Mahatma Gandhi, on the other hand, believed in the composite character of Hindustani.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Hindi in the Devanagari script would be the official language.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: For the first fifteen years, English would continue to be used for all official purposes.
● Statement 3 is correct: Each province was to be allowed to choose one of the regional languages for official work within the province.
Additional information:
● The question of the national language was one of the most contentious and vehemently argued by Constituent Assembly members.
● Members of this debate envisaged India as a nation, identified regional and linguistic identities, and strove to develop unity of purpose to set the groundwork for modern India in this discussion.
● The talks highlighted a schism between North and South India, as well as took communal overtones.
● By the 1930s, Congress had agreed that Hindustani should be the official language of India. Mahatma Gandhi believed that everyone should talk in a language that the common individual could comprehend.
● Hindustani, a hybrid of Hindi and Urdu was a widely spoken language in India, and it was a composite language enriched by the interaction of many cultures.
● It had assimilated words and concepts from a wide range of sources over the years and was thus understood by people from all over the world.
● This multi-cultural language, Mahatma Gandhi believed, would be the ideal medium of communication across varied populations, uniting Hindus and Muslims, as well as individuals from the north and south.
● However, since the end of the nineteenth century, Hindustani as a language has been progressively changing. As communal tensions grew, Hindi and Urdu began to drift apart.
● On the one side, there was a push to Sanskritize Hindi, ridding it of all Persian and Arabic vocabulary. On the other hand, Urdu was becoming more Persianized.
● As a result, language became intertwined with religious identity politics. Mahatma Gandhi, on the other hand, believed in the composite character of Hindustani. -
Question 13 of 20
13. Question
With reference to the Charter Act of 1793, consider the following statements:
1. It extended the overriding power given to Lord Cornwallis over his council, to all future Governor-Generals and Governors of Presidencies.
2. It allowed the British merchants to trade in India under a strict licensing system.
3. It asserted the Crown’s sovereignty over the British possessions in India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It extended the overriding power given to Lord Cornwallis over his council, to all future Governors-General and Governors of Presidencies.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1813 allowed British merchants to trade in India under a strict licensing system.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1813 asserted the Crown’s sovereignty over British possessions in India.
Additional information:
● This Act of the British Parliament is known as the Charter of the British East India Company.
● It was passed on August 7, 1793, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and granted the British East India Company a Charter of Incorporation, a government-issued licence to trade.
● The Charter stipulated that the Company should be governed by a Governor and Company of Adventurers (a Board of Directors) and that the Company should be subject to the authority of the British East India Company in all respects.
● It also stipulated that the Company should have a share capital of 1.2 million pounds and that each share was to be valued at £100.
● The Charter Act 1793 established the Company’s trade monopoly with India. It expanded the scope of the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction in India. They could recruit the members of the Civil Service as magistrates, scavengers for the presidency towns, and could prohibit the sale of alcohol without a licence.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It extended the overriding power given to Lord Cornwallis over his council, to all future Governors-General and Governors of Presidencies.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1813 allowed British merchants to trade in India under a strict licensing system.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1813 asserted the Crown’s sovereignty over British possessions in India.
Additional information:
● This Act of the British Parliament is known as the Charter of the British East India Company.
● It was passed on August 7, 1793, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and granted the British East India Company a Charter of Incorporation, a government-issued licence to trade.
● The Charter stipulated that the Company should be governed by a Governor and Company of Adventurers (a Board of Directors) and that the Company should be subject to the authority of the British East India Company in all respects.
● It also stipulated that the Company should have a share capital of 1.2 million pounds and that each share was to be valued at £100.
● The Charter Act 1793 established the Company’s trade monopoly with India. It expanded the scope of the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction in India. They could recruit the members of the Civil Service as magistrates, scavengers for the presidency towns, and could prohibit the sale of alcohol without a licence. -
Question 14 of 20
14. Question
He was a physician who came to India and served in the Bengal Medical Service (from 1794 to 1815). For a few years he was surgeon to the Governor-General of India, Lord Wellesley. During his stay in Calcutta, he organised a zoo that became the Calcutta Alipore Zoo; he was also in charge of the Botanical Gardens for a short period. He was
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Francis Buchanan was a physician who came to India and served in the Bengal Medical Service (from 1794 to 1815). For a few years, he was a surgeon to the Governor-General of India, Lord Wellesley. During his stay in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata), he organised a zoo that became the Calcutta Alipore Zoo; he was also in charge of the Botanical Gardens for a short period. On the request of the Government of Bengal, he undertook detailed surveys of the areas under the jurisdiction of the British East India Company. In 1815 he fell ill and returned to England.
Additional information:
● Ralph Fitch, a merchant who was among the first Englishmen to travel through India and Southeast Asia. He visited the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar at Fatehpur Sīkri, near Āgra, in north-central India. Fitch descended the Yamuna and Ganges rivers and visited Vārānasi (Benares) and Patna. Early in 1588 Fitch travelled to the Malay Peninsula and visited Malacca, now in Malaysia, where he learned much about trade with China and the Spice Islands, now the Moluccas. In the spring he began his journey homeward, reaching London on April 29, 1591. Fitch’s eyewitness reports on all that he saw were greatly valued by the founders of the East India Company, who consulted him on Indian affairs.
● Sir Thomas Roe, diplomat and author who advanced England’s mercantile interest in Asia and was prominent in negotiations during the Thirty Years’ War. He was knighted in 1604. Roe began his diplomatic career in India as ambassador to the court of the Mogul emperor Jahangir. In his four years of duty (1614–18) there he furthered the fortunes of the English East India Company.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Francis Buchanan was a physician who came to India and served in the Bengal Medical Service (from 1794 to 1815). For a few years, he was a surgeon to the Governor-General of India, Lord Wellesley. During his stay in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata), he organised a zoo that became the Calcutta Alipore Zoo; he was also in charge of the Botanical Gardens for a short period. On the request of the Government of Bengal, he undertook detailed surveys of the areas under the jurisdiction of the British East India Company. In 1815 he fell ill and returned to England.
Additional information:
● Ralph Fitch, a merchant who was among the first Englishmen to travel through India and Southeast Asia. He visited the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar at Fatehpur Sīkri, near Āgra, in north-central India. Fitch descended the Yamuna and Ganges rivers and visited Vārānasi (Benares) and Patna. Early in 1588 Fitch travelled to the Malay Peninsula and visited Malacca, now in Malaysia, where he learned much about trade with China and the Spice Islands, now the Moluccas. In the spring he began his journey homeward, reaching London on April 29, 1591. Fitch’s eyewitness reports on all that he saw were greatly valued by the founders of the East India Company, who consulted him on Indian affairs.
● Sir Thomas Roe, diplomat and author who advanced England’s mercantile interest in Asia and was prominent in negotiations during the Thirty Years’ War. He was knighted in 1604. Roe began his diplomatic career in India as ambassador to the court of the Mogul emperor Jahangir. In his four years of duty (1614–18) there he furthered the fortunes of the English East India Company. -
Question 15 of 20
15. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: Before the 1860s, three-fourths of raw cotton imports into Britain came from India.
Statement 2: In 1857 the Cotton Supply Association was founded in Britain, to encourage cotton production in every part of the world suited for its growth.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Before the 1860s, three-fourths of raw cotton imports into Britain came from America.
● Statement 2 is correct: In 1857 the Cotton Supply Association was founded in Britain, to encourage cotton production in every part of the world suited for its growth”. India was seen as a country that could supply cotton to Lancashire if the American supply dried up.
Additional information:
● When the American Civil War broke out in 1861, a wave of panic spread through cotton circles in Britain. Raw cotton imports from America fell to less than three per cent of the normal: from over 2,000,000 bales (of 400 lbs each) in 1861 to 55,000 bales in 1862. Frantic messages were sent to India and elsewhere to increase cotton exports to Britain. In Bombay, cotton merchants visited the cotton districts to assess supplies and encourage cultivation.
● As cotton prices soared, export merchants in Bombay were keen to secure as much cotton as possible to meet the British demand. So, they gave advances to urban sahukars who in turn extended credit to those rural moneylenders who promised to secure the produce.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Before the 1860s, three-fourths of raw cotton imports into Britain came from America.
● Statement 2 is correct: In 1857 the Cotton Supply Association was founded in Britain, to encourage cotton production in every part of the world suited for its growth”. India was seen as a country that could supply cotton to Lancashire if the American supply dried up.
Additional information:
● When the American Civil War broke out in 1861, a wave of panic spread through cotton circles in Britain. Raw cotton imports from America fell to less than three per cent of the normal: from over 2,000,000 bales (of 400 lbs each) in 1861 to 55,000 bales in 1862. Frantic messages were sent to India and elsewhere to increase cotton exports to Britain. In Bombay, cotton merchants visited the cotton districts to assess supplies and encourage cultivation.
● As cotton prices soared, export merchants in Bombay were keen to secure as much cotton as possible to meet the British demand. So, they gave advances to urban sahukars who in turn extended credit to those rural moneylenders who promised to secure the produce. -
Question 16 of 20
16. Question
Who among the following was the editor of the Bombay Gazette in 1861?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● James Augustus Hicky is known for founding the first English newspaper in India i.e., the Bengal Gazette along with the Calcutta General Advertiser, in 1780. The paper lasted just two years before being seized by the British administration in 1782 for its outspoken criticism of the Raj.
Additional information:
● Bombay Gazette (established in 1789) was among the first English newspapers published from Bombay (now Mumbai). Initially founded in 1789 as the “Bombay Herald”, the newspaper’s name was changed to “Bombay Gazette” in 1791.
● It remained the leading paper of the city for a long time and covered important events such as the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885. The Bombay Gazette and Bombay Courier were the earliest English-language Indian newspapers published in Bombay (now Mumbai). The Bombay Gazette started printing paper on silk from 26 April 1841.
● The India Gazette was founded by Bernard Messink and Peter Reed, two East India Company employees, and the paper was a strong supporter of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings, also a rival to India’s first newspaper Hicky’s Bengal Gazette.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● James Augustus Hicky is known for founding the first English newspaper in India i.e., the Bengal Gazette along with the Calcutta General Advertiser, in 1780. The paper lasted just two years before being seized by the British administration in 1782 for its outspoken criticism of the Raj.
Additional information:
● Bombay Gazette (established in 1789) was among the first English newspapers published from Bombay (now Mumbai). Initially founded in 1789 as the “Bombay Herald”, the newspaper’s name was changed to “Bombay Gazette” in 1791.
● It remained the leading paper of the city for a long time and covered important events such as the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885. The Bombay Gazette and Bombay Courier were the earliest English-language Indian newspapers published in Bombay (now Mumbai). The Bombay Gazette started printing paper on silk from 26 April 1841.
● The India Gazette was founded by Bernard Messink and Peter Reed, two East India Company employees, and the paper was a strong supporter of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings, also a rival to India’s first newspaper Hicky’s Bengal Gazette. -
Question 17 of 20
17. Question
The English East India Company acquired Diwani of Bengal in 1765. In this context, consider the following statements:
Statement 1: A dual system of government was introduced in 1765 by Warren Hastings.
Statement 2: The dual system of government helped the East India Company to finance its trade.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The dual system of government was introduced in 1765 by Robert Clive, consequent to the taking over of diwani by the Company.
● Statement 2 is correct: The grant of diwani in 1765 gave the East India Company the right to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Through the dual system of government, the East India Company (EIC) appointed only those Indians who would help them in streamlining the revenue collection which in turn could be used for increasing the trade of EIC.
Additional information:
● The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja Ud Daulah who was the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This battle was won by Britishers.
● The result of this battle was, the Diwani that is the right to collect revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha was sanctioned to the British by the Mughal Emperor in return for an annual sum of money and in districts of Allahabad and Kora.
● After the death of Mir Jafar, in 1765, the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights of the provinces of Bengal to the Company.
● This was a major breakthrough for the Company because Diwani allowed it to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal.
● From the early eighteenth century, the Company had bought most of the goods in India by paying in gold and silver which were imported from Britain. This was putting a huge drain on the treasury in Britain.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The dual system of government was introduced in 1765 by Robert Clive, consequent to the taking over of diwani by the Company.
● Statement 2 is correct: The grant of diwani in 1765 gave the East India Company the right to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Through the dual system of government, the East India Company (EIC) appointed only those Indians who would help them in streamlining the revenue collection which in turn could be used for increasing the trade of EIC.
Additional information:
● The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja Ud Daulah who was the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This battle was won by Britishers.
● The result of this battle was, the Diwani that is the right to collect revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha was sanctioned to the British by the Mughal Emperor in return for an annual sum of money and in districts of Allahabad and Kora.
● After the death of Mir Jafar, in 1765, the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights of the provinces of Bengal to the Company.
● This was a major breakthrough for the Company because Diwani allowed it to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal.
● From the early eighteenth century, the Company had bought most of the goods in India by paying in gold and silver which were imported from Britain. This was putting a huge drain on the treasury in Britain. -
Question 18 of 20
18. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Tribal revolts – Leaders
1. Kol Revolt – Budhu Bhagat
2. Khasi Rebellion – Laxman Naik
3. Koya Revolt – Govind Guru
4. Santhal Revolt – Nilamber and Pitamber
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Tribal revolts – Leaders
1) Kol Revolt – Budhu Bhagat
2) Khasi Rebellion – Tirot Singh
3) Koya Revolt – Alluri Seetharama Raju
4) Santhal Revolt – Sidhu and Kanhu MurmuAdditional information:
● The Kol uprising, Kol rebellion, also known in British records as the Kol mutiny was a revolt of the tribal Kol people of Chhota Nagpur that took place between 1831 and 1832. It was due to economic exploitation brought on by the systems of land tenure and administration that had been introduced by the East India Company. Tribal people of Chotanagpur including Mundas, Oraons, Hos and Bhumijs were called Kols. They initially plundered and killed Sikh and muslims thikedars (contractors) who collected taxes by different means. Later they also started to plunder and kill Hindus of nearby villages and burn their houses. The insurgency was suppressed by killing of the leaders, their followers and arrest of many leaders by Thomas Wilkinson.
● The Khasi uprising took place in 1833 in the territory between the Khasi and Jaintia Hills, in protest of a planned British road through the area. Tirot Sing Syiem was the uprising’s leader. In this fight, the Khasis were beaten, and the British took control of these highlands. The East India Company sought to create a route connecting the Brahmaputra Valley and Sylhet after occupying the steep terrain between the Garo and Jaintia Hills. A considerable number of outsiders, including Englishmen, Bengalis, and plains labourers, were imported to these regions for this purpose. Under Tirot Sing’s leadership, the Khasis, Garos, Khamptis, and Singphos banded together to drive out the outsiders from the plains.
● The Koyas of the eastern Godavari track (now Andhra) revolted in 1803, 1840, 1845, 1858, 1861, and 1862, aided by Khonda Sara leaders. Under Tomma Sora, they climbed once again in 1879–80. Their grievances included police and moneylender persecution, new restrictions, and rejection of their traditional rights to forest regions. After Tomma Sora’s death, Raja Anantayyar organized another revolt in 1886.
● Santhal Rebellions (1833; 1855–56): Here, the landlords exploited the Santhals ruthlessly, charging excessive interest rates (often as high as 500 percent) that insured the tribals would never be able to repay their loans. They were stripped of their land and forced to work as bonded laborers. Extortion, forcible deprivation of property, abuse and violence, deceit in business agreements, willful trampling of their crops, and so on were all things they had to cope with. They assassinated a large number of moneylenders and Company agents. The uprising was ferocious and huge in scope. The British brutally quashed the insurrection, killing around 20000 Santhals, including the two leaders.Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Tribal revolts – Leaders
1) Kol Revolt – Budhu Bhagat
2) Khasi Rebellion – Tirot Singh
3) Koya Revolt – Alluri Seetharama Raju
4) Santhal Revolt – Sidhu and Kanhu MurmuAdditional information:
● The Kol uprising, Kol rebellion, also known in British records as the Kol mutiny was a revolt of the tribal Kol people of Chhota Nagpur that took place between 1831 and 1832. It was due to economic exploitation brought on by the systems of land tenure and administration that had been introduced by the East India Company. Tribal people of Chotanagpur including Mundas, Oraons, Hos and Bhumijs were called Kols. They initially plundered and killed Sikh and muslims thikedars (contractors) who collected taxes by different means. Later they also started to plunder and kill Hindus of nearby villages and burn their houses. The insurgency was suppressed by killing of the leaders, their followers and arrest of many leaders by Thomas Wilkinson.
● The Khasi uprising took place in 1833 in the territory between the Khasi and Jaintia Hills, in protest of a planned British road through the area. Tirot Sing Syiem was the uprising’s leader. In this fight, the Khasis were beaten, and the British took control of these highlands. The East India Company sought to create a route connecting the Brahmaputra Valley and Sylhet after occupying the steep terrain between the Garo and Jaintia Hills. A considerable number of outsiders, including Englishmen, Bengalis, and plains labourers, were imported to these regions for this purpose. Under Tirot Sing’s leadership, the Khasis, Garos, Khamptis, and Singphos banded together to drive out the outsiders from the plains.
● The Koyas of the eastern Godavari track (now Andhra) revolted in 1803, 1840, 1845, 1858, 1861, and 1862, aided by Khonda Sara leaders. Under Tomma Sora, they climbed once again in 1879–80. Their grievances included police and moneylender persecution, new restrictions, and rejection of their traditional rights to forest regions. After Tomma Sora’s death, Raja Anantayyar organized another revolt in 1886.
● Santhal Rebellions (1833; 1855–56): Here, the landlords exploited the Santhals ruthlessly, charging excessive interest rates (often as high as 500 percent) that insured the tribals would never be able to repay their loans. They were stripped of their land and forced to work as bonded laborers. Extortion, forcible deprivation of property, abuse and violence, deceit in business agreements, willful trampling of their crops, and so on were all things they had to cope with. They assassinated a large number of moneylenders and Company agents. The uprising was ferocious and huge in scope. The British brutally quashed the insurrection, killing around 20000 Santhals, including the two leaders. -
Question 19 of 20
19. Question
Which of the following reforms was not taken under the leadership of Governor General, Lord William Bentinck?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The British adopted policies aimed at “reforming” Indian society by introducing Western education, Western ideas and Western institutions. With the cooperation of sections of Indian society, they set up English-medium schools, colleges and universities which taught Western sciences and the liberal arts. The British established laws to abolish customs like sati (1829) and to permit the remarriage of Hindu widows. the abolition of Sati, the suppression of female infanticide and Thuggee, the abolition of lawlessness.
● Lord William Bentinck, British governor-general of Bengal (1828–33) and of India (1833–35). An aristocrat who sympathized with many of the liberal ideas of his day, he made important administrative reforms in Indian government and society.
Reforms under the leadership of Governor General Lord William Bentinck:
a) Abolition of human sacrifices
b) Abolition of customs like sati (1829)
c) Suppression of female infanticide
d) Ban on ritual murder by robber gangs.
e) Abolition of thugeeIncorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The British adopted policies aimed at “reforming” Indian society by introducing Western education, Western ideas and Western institutions. With the cooperation of sections of Indian society, they set up English-medium schools, colleges and universities which taught Western sciences and the liberal arts. The British established laws to abolish customs like sati (1829) and to permit the remarriage of Hindu widows. the abolition of Sati, the suppression of female infanticide and Thuggee, the abolition of lawlessness.
● Lord William Bentinck, British governor-general of Bengal (1828–33) and of India (1833–35). An aristocrat who sympathized with many of the liberal ideas of his day, he made important administrative reforms in Indian government and society.
Reforms under the leadership of Governor General Lord William Bentinck:
a) Abolition of human sacrifices
b) Abolition of customs like sati (1829)
c) Suppression of female infanticide
d) Ban on ritual murder by robber gangs.
e) Abolition of thugee -
Question 20 of 20
20. Question
Consider the following statements regarding changes in the eighteenth century:
1. The Mughal capitals, Delhi and Agra lost their political authority.
2. The growth of new regional powers was reflected in the increasing importance of regional capitals like Lucknow, Hyderabad, and Seringapatam.
3. Traders, administrators, artisans and others migrated from the old Mughal centres to these new capitals in search of work and patronage.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: The Mughal capitals, Delhi and Agra, lost their political authority.
● Statement 2 is correct: The growth of new regional powers was reflected in the increasing importance of regional capitals- Lucknow, Hyderabad and Seringapatam.
● Statement 3 is correct: Traders, administrators, artisans and others migrated from the old Mughal centres to these new capitals in search of work and patronage.
Additional information:
● Old towns went into decline and new towns developed. The gradual erosion of Mughal power led to the demise of towns associated with their rule.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: The Mughal capitals, Delhi and Agra, lost their political authority.
● Statement 2 is correct: The growth of new regional powers was reflected in the increasing importance of regional capitals- Lucknow, Hyderabad and Seringapatam.
● Statement 3 is correct: Traders, administrators, artisans and others migrated from the old Mughal centres to these new capitals in search of work and patronage.
Additional information:
● Old towns went into decline and new towns developed. The gradual erosion of Mughal power led to the demise of towns associated with their rule.
