Day-768 | Daily MCQs | UPSC Prelims | HISTORY

Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The decision was taken during the reign of Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India.
● Statement 2 is correct: Delhi regained its position as capital of India at Delhi Durbar of 1911.
● Statement 3 is correct: Rising nationalist movement in Calcutta was also responsible for the shift.
Additional information:
● Delhi was officially announced as the capital of British Raj by the then-Emperor George V, on December 12, 1911.
● The capital was shifted from Calcutta as Delhi was the financial and political seat of many earlier empires and was located closer to the geographical center of India. The rising nationalist movement in Calcutta was also responsible for the shift.
● The foundation of Delhi was laid at the Coronation Durbar of 1911 by King George V as the Capital of British India. Prior to this Calcutta served as the capital.
● Shifting of the Capital from Calcutta to Delhi was led by two major factors:
❖ Indian Councils Act of 1909
❖ The ongoing crisis caused by the Bengal partition.
● The British wanted a place where the Government could spend all the seasons of the year. After examining various sites, Delhi was finalised as it was easily accessible and closer to the summer capital, Simla. The association of Delhi with the Mahabharata and the Mughal Empire symbolized both Hindu and Muslim pride. Therefore, on these geographical, political and historical grounds, Delhi was chosen as the new Imperial city.

Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct matches are:
Communities – Related work
Dubashes – Agents acting as intermediaries between Indians and the British.
Vellalars – A rural caste who monopolised opportunities provided by British rule
Komatis – Powerful commercial group that controlled the grain trade in the city.
Additional information:
● Several different communities came and settled in Madras, performing a range of economic functions.
● The dubashes were Indians who could speak two languages – the local language and English. They worked as agents and merchants, acting as intermediaries between Indian society and the British. They used their privileged position in government to acquire wealth. Their powerful position in society was established by their charitable works and patronage of temples in the Black Town.
● Initially jobs with the Company were monopolised by the Vellalars, a rural caste who took advantage of the new opportunities provided by British rule. With the spread of English education in the nineteenth century, Brahmins started competing for similar positions in the administration.

Answer: D
Explanation:
Demands of moderates in INC were as follows:
1) Expansion and reform of legislative councils
2) Separation of the judiciary from the executive
3) The repeal of the Arms Act
4) Reduction in spending on the army
5) The introduction of Permanent Settlement in other parts of India
Additional information:
● The Moderate Phase of the Indian National Movement started in the latter half of the 19th century.
● The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 significantly impacted the Indian National Movement.
● The prominent Moderate leaders were Dadabhai Naoroji, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Pherozshah Mehta, and more. These leaders of the Indian National Movement used the 3P process, which includes Prayers, Petitions, and Protests, to fight for their demands.
● The moderate leaders had a significant role in the Indian struggle for freedom. The method employed by the Moderates of the Indian National Movement includes the following:
1. The moderates believe in peaceful and constitutional procedures.
2. They used delegations, memoranda, pamphlets, resolutions, meetings, and petitions to voice their demands.
3. They followed the justice system of the British.
4. They did not employ masses.
5. They focused on self-government but under British dominion.

Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Gandhi first developed the distinctive techniques of nonviolent protest known as satyagraha in South Africa.
● Statement 2 is correct: Gandhi returned to India in 1915 at the request of Gokhale, conveyed to him by C. F. Andrews.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: Gandhi’s first major public appearance was at the opening of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in February 1916.
Additional information:
● Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, is regarded as the Father of the Nation. Gandhi was a social reformist and leader of the Indian Independence Movement who introduced the idea of nonviolent resistance called Satyagraha.
● After organising a civil disobedience movement for Indians living in South Africa, he returned to India in 1915.
● In India, he set out on a train journey to different parts of the country trying to understand the problems of farmers, peasants and urban labourers and organising protests for them.
● He assumed the leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921 and rose to become its most prominent leader and an iconic figure in Indian politics.
● He organised the Dandi Salt March in 1930 and Quit India Movement in 1942.
● He also worked for the upliftment of untouchables and gave them a new name ‘Harijan’ meaning the children of God.
● Gandhi also wrote extensively for various newspapers and his symbol of self-reliance – the spinning wheel – became a popular symbol of the Indian Independence Movement.
● Gandhi played a key role in pacifying people and averting the Hindu-Muslim riots as tensions rose before and during the partition of the country. He was shot dead by Nathuram Godse on January 31, 1948.

Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Champaran satyagraha is referred to as the first civil disobedience movement.
● Statement 2 is correct: Champaran Satyagraha was the combination of elements of extra-constitutional struggle as well as the employment of moral force against an adversary, an exemplar of the rule of law; and the use of compromise as a gambit.
Additional information:
● The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India and is considered a historically important revolt in the Indian Independence Movement.
● It was a farmer’s uprising that took place in the Champaran district of Bihar, India, during the British colonial period. The farmers were protesting against having to grow indigo with barely any payment for it.
● When Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915, and saw peasants in northern India oppressed by indigo planters, he tried to use the same methods that he had used in South Africa to organize mass uprisings by people to protest against injustice.
● Champaran Satyagraha was the first popular satyagraha movement. The Champaran Satyagraha gave direction to India’s youth and freedom struggle, which was tottering between moderates who prescribed Indian participation within the British colonial system, and the extremists from Bengal who advocated the use of violent methods to topple the British colonialists in India.

Answer: B
Explanation:
● On 6 April, 1919, Mahatma Gandhi started a non-violent Satyagraha against the unjust Rowlatt Act passed by the British government.
Additional information:
● The Rowlatt Satyagraha was formed against the Rowlatt Act. Rowlatt’s Satyagraha took place in 1919.
● The Rowlatt Act was one of the most challenging laws passed by the British government to restrict the civil freedoms of Indians at the beginning of the 20th century.
● According to the Sedition Committee’s recommendations, which were led by Sir Sidney Rowlatt, this law was approved by him.
● Despite the entire opposition of the Indian members, this legislation was quickly passed in the Imperial Legislative Council. It granted the government broad authority to prohibit political activity and authorized the two-year imprisonment of political prisoners without charge or trial.
● This Rowlatt Act is also known as black law by the Indians. The Rowlatt Act inspired Gandhi and other nationalists to fight back against the British government.
● Gandhi founded the Rowlatt Satyagraha Sabha in February 1919, whose members committed to opposing the Act and risking judicial arrest and punishment.
● This satyagraha seeks to prevent the rising anger in India by removing the oppressive clauses of the Defense of India Act (1915), which was passed during a period of war.
● The nationalist movement, whether it was led by moderates or extremists, had limited its conflict to agitation.
● The only political activity the nationalists were aware of was mass gatherings and protests, refusal to work with the government, boycotts of foreign goods and higher education institutions, and occasional acts of terrorism. The movement was instantly raised to a new level by satyagraha.

Answer: D
Explanation:
The non-cooperation movement witnessed the participation of the masses in the following ways:
1) Hill tribes in northern Andhra violated the forest laws.
2) Students stopped going to schools and colleges run by the government.
3) Lawyers refused to attend court.
4) The working class went on strike in many towns and cities
Additional information:
● The non-cooperation movement was launched in 1920 on 1st August.
● It was led by Mahatma Gandhi and focused on abolishing the use of British products, declining or resigning from British posts, educational institutions, prohibiting government regulations, courts, etc.
● The movement was non-violent and was launched to withdraw the nation’s cooperation after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Rowlatt Act.
● Mahatma Gandhi stated India could achieve independence within a year if this movement was a success.
● It was the transition of individuals to a mass movement. Non-cooperation was focused to get full independence also known as Poorna Swaraj.
● The non-cooperation movement was based on two aspects majorly, the struggle and the rules of conduct.
● Non- cooperation movement pushed the use and manufacturing of goods, products made in India were encouraged more and the use of British products was boycotted.
● The most essential feature of the non-cooperation movement was to follow a non-violent and peaceful means to fight against the British rules. Indians were asked to refuse to take part in elections for the legislative council.

Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was a movement of Indian Muslims led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Their main demand was that the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa must retain control over the Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman empire.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: Congress supported the movement and Mahatma Gandhi sought to conjoin it to the Non-cooperation Movement.
Additional information:
● The Khilafat movement was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I.
● While seemingly pan-Islamic, the movement was primarily a means of achieving pan-Indian Muslim political mobilization.
● The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I.
● Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
● Integral to this was the Indian Muslims’ desire to influence the treaty-making process following the war in such a way as to restore the 1914 boundaries of the Ottoman Empire, even though the Turks, allies of the Central Powers, had been defeated in the war. Indian supporters of the Khilafat cause sent a delegation to London in 1920 to plead their case, but the British government treated the delegates as quixotic pan-Islamists and did not change its policy toward Turkey.
● The Indian Muslims’ attempt to influence the provisions of the Treaty of Sevres thus failed, and the European powers, most notably Great Britain and France, went ahead with territorial adjustments, including the institution of mandates over formerly Ottoman Arab territories.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Tilak was charged with sedition in 1897 for writing an article in his weekly publication called Kesari.
● Statement 2 is correct: In March 1922, Gandhi was charged with sedition for writing three articles in his weekly journal Young India.
Additional information:
● Drafted by British historian-politician Thomas Babington Macaulay in 1837, sedition was defined as an act by ‘whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India’.
● The Sedition Charge, which was included in Section 124 A of the Indian penal code in 1870, was imposed by the British Colonial government to primarily suppress the writings and speeches of prominent Indian freedom fighters.
● Writings of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Lokmanya Tilak, and Jogendra Chandra Bose were suppressed and they were tried under sedition law for their comments on British rule.
● As per section 124A, sedition is a non-bailable offence, punishable with imprisonment from three years up to life, along with a fine.
● The person charged under this law is also barred from a government job and their passport is seized by the government. Incidentally, the sedition charge was abolished by the United Kingdom in 2010.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● New branches of the Congress were set up in various parts of India.
● A series of “Praja Mandals” were established to promote the nationalist creed in the princely states.
● Gandhiji encouraged the communication of the nationalist message in the mother tongue, rather than in the language of the rulers, i.e., English.
● Thus, the provincial committees of the Congress were based on linguistic regions, rather than on the artificial boundaries of British India. In these different ways, nationalism was taken to the farthest corners of the country and embraced by social groups previously untouched by it.
Additional information:
● The Praja Mandal movement was a part of the Indian independence movement from the 1920s in which people living in the princely states, who were subject to the rule of local aristocrats rather than the British Raj, campaigned against those feudatory rulers, and sometimes also the British administration, in attempts to improve their civil rights.
● One response to the Praja Mandal agitations was the foundation of the Central Reserve Police Force in 1939.
● The first sign of trouble involving a Praja Mandal arose in the princely state of Nilgiri, where peasant demands for fairer laws resulted in the ruler adopting repressive, even brutal, measures in response.
● Whilst a temporary truce was eventually achieved, problems then arose also in the states of Talcher and Dhenkanal. While the ruler of the latter state took such strong measures that several people were killed, the ruler of Talcher faced an unusual protest that attracted national attention.

Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission after its chairman Sir John Allsebrook Simon, was sent to India in 1928 (February – March and October 1928 – April 1929) to study potential constitutional reform. The Government of India Act of 1919 provided for the appointment of a commission to study the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps after ten years.
● Statement 2 is correct: The Unionists in Punjab and the Justice Party in the south decided not to boycott the commission.
Additional information:
● Simon Commission, a group appointed in November 1927 by the British Conservative government under Stanley Baldwin to report on the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919.
● The commission consisted of seven members—four Conservatives, two Labourites, and one Liberal under the joint chairmanship of the distinguished Liberal lawyer, Sir John Simon, and Clement Attlee, the future prime minister.
● Its composition met with a storm of criticism in India because Indians were excluded. The commission was boycotted by the Indian National Congress and most other Indian political parties. It, nevertheless, published a two-volume report, mainly the work of Simon.
● Regarded as a classic state document, the report proposed provincial autonomy in India but rejected parliamentary responsibility at the centre.
● It accepted the idea of federalism and sought to retain direct contact between the British crown and the Indian states. Before its publication, its conclusions had been outdated by the declaration of October 1929, which stated that dominion status was to be the goal of Indian constitutional development.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: It was this event that first brought Mahatma Gandhi to global attention.
● Statement 2 is correct: It was the first nationalist activity in which women participated in large numbers.
● Statement 3 is correct: The march was widely covered by the European and American press.
Additional information:
● The whole of India was agitated over Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha. On March 12, in the morning, thousands of people watched as Gandhi started from his ashram with seventy-eight volunteers on a march to Dandi, a village on the sea coast 241 miles away.
● There, it was announced, the salt law would be broken. Gandhi led the march through village after village, stopping at each place to talk to the peasants and advise them on the necessity of social reforms.
● For twenty-four days the eyes of India and the world followed Gandhi as he marched towards the sea. The Government did not take the risk of arresting Gandhi.
● Newspaper reporters from every corner of the world were there to report the progress of Gandhi’s march. The march ended on April 5 at Dandi village. Gandhi and his selected followers went to the seashore and broke the salt law by picking up salt left on the shore by the sea.
● Gandhi then gave a signal to all Indians to manufacture salt illegally. He wanted the people to break the salt law openly and to prepare themselves for non-violent resistance to police action.
● Gandhi and other leaders had made arrangements for the continuation of the agitation if they were arrested. A chain of leaders had been chosen, so that as each leader was arrested another would be ready to take his place.
● The Government waited for some time before taking any action, and then at last retaliation began. Gandhi was left at liberty, but many other leaders were taken into custody.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: Marathas’ dream of ruling from Delhi was shattered after the third Battle of Panipat which halted the further Maratha advances in the north and led to destabilization of their territories. Although the power of the Marathas was not crushed completely, as they soon rose to power, it gave a severe blow to the glory of the Marathas. The decline in their power in the north strengthened the Sikhs in the Punjab.
● Statement 2 is correct: Maratha confederacy was an alliance formed in the 18th century after the Mughal pressure forced the collapse of Shivaji’s kingdom of Maharashtra in western India. They were divided into confederacies under different chiefs (sardars) belonging to dynasties such as Sindhia, Holkar, Gaikwad and Bhonsle.
Additional information:
● The third battle (Jan. 14, 1761) ended the Maratha attempt to succeed the Mughals as rulers of India and marked the virtual end of the Mughal empire.
● The Maratha army, under the Bhao Sahib, uncle of the Peshwa (chief minister), was trapped and destroyed by the Afghan chief Aḥmad Shah Durrānī.
● The Marathas responded by raising a large army, under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau, and recaptured Delhi. Ahmad’s campaign was aimed at starving the Maratha army of its supplies. At the same time, he led an army of 40,000 into the south to trap the Maratha army in the Punjab.
● Cut off and starving, Bhau decided to break Ahmad’s blockade, spawning the two armies to face off at Panipat. The former attempted to pulverize the latter’s army with a massive artillery bombardment and then utilize his superiority in numbers to break the Durrani blockade and move south in a defensive posture.
● However, he was undermined by rivalries within his ranks and the need to protect many civilians. Durrani launched a surprise attack before the artillery had inflicted serious damage and Bhau’s nephew was killed.
● The Maratha army had been destroyed and the unity of the empire was broken.
● This began 40 years of anarchy in northwestern India and cleared the way for later British supremacy.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● Resolution on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme was passed in the Karachi session in the year 1931.
Lahore session of congress has following:
a) The election of Jawaharlal Nehru as President
b) Proclamation of commitment to “Purna Swaraj
c) Nationalists unfurled the tricolour for the first time
Additional information:
● The Lahore session played a significant role in the Indian national movement for independence.
● Purna Swaraj was declared as India’s goal during this session.
● The leaders’ only goal was complete independence. This session was also a significant catalyst for the civil disobedience movement.
● Boycott of the Round Table Conference was planned.
● The aim of the Congress was changed from the earlier demand of dominion status to complete independence/Poorna Swaraj of India.
● The Working Committee of Congress was authorized to start preparations for the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement by initiating the non-payment of taxes and resignation of its members from legislatures.
● The session also proposed to launch a Civil Disobedience Movement at an appropriate time.
● It was declared that January 26, 1930, would be celebrated as Independence Day, with people taking a pledge to fight for complete independence.

Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: The round table conferences took place in response to the Simon report.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Gandhiji represented the Congress in the second-round table conference.
● Statement 3 is incorrect: First round table conference culminated in what was called the “Gandhi-Irwin Pact’, by the terms of which civil disobedience would be called off.
Additional information:
● Round Table Conference, (1930–32), in Indian history, is a series of meetings in three sessions called by the British government to consider the future constitution of India. The conference was held in London.
● The first session (Nov. 12, 1930–Jan. 19, 1931) had 73 representatives, from all Indian states and all parties except the Indian National Congress, which was waging a civil disobedience campaign against the government.
● Its principal achievement was an insistence on parliamentarianism and acceptance by all, including the princes, of the federal principle and on dominion status as the goal of constitutional development.
● The second session (September–December 1931) was attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the Congress representative; it failed to reach agreement, either constitutionally or on communal representation.
● The third session (Nov. 17–Dec. 24, 1932) was shorter and less important, with neither the Congress nor the British Labour Party attending. The result of these deliberations was the Government of India Act, 1935, establishing provincial autonomy and also a federal system that was never implemented.

Answer: A
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It contains provision for creation of an All-India Federation consisting of British India and the princely states. The provinces in British India would have to join the federation but this was not compulsory for the princely states. This federation never materialised because of the lack of support from the required number of princely states.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Diarchy was abolished only at provincial levels. Diarchy at the centre had the subjects under the Federal List, which were divided into two: Reserved and Transferred.
● Statement 3 is correct: The Viceroy was vested with residual powers.
Additional information:
● The Government of India Act was passed by the British parliament in 1935 and came into effect in 1937.
● It was based on a report by a Joint Select Committee, led by Lord Linlithgow, set up the two houses of the British parliament.
● The report, in turn, was the result of the Joint Committee’s scrutiny of the ‘White Paper’ – a scheme of constitutional proposals – prepared by the British government close on the heels of the Round Table conferences.
● The Act was written in a legal style, organised around 11 ‘Parts’ and 10 ‘Schedules’. Each part was further divided into chapters. It is considered to be one of the longest pieces of legislation passed by the British parliament – parliamentary debates around the Act involved 2000 speeches.
● Some of the key features of the Act were:
1. The creation of a ‘Federation of India’ that consisted of two levels: a central executive and parliament, and below it, provinces and princely states.
2. It discarded the ‘dyarchy’ system at the provincial level and allowed for the emergence of popularly elected provincial legislatures. Dyarchy was introduced at the central level, key subjects like defence and foreign affairs were under the direct control of the Governor General.
3. A federal court was established.
4. The franchise was expanded to 14% of the population from 3%.
5. Separate electorates were provided for Muslims, Sikhs and others, but not to Depressed Classes.

Answer: A
Explanation:
● Indian Council Act 1892 did not contain provisions related to a separate electorate.
● Indian Council Act 1909 introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalised communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate.
● The Government of India Act of 1919 extended the separate electorate to Sikhs, Anglo Indians, Indian Christian, and Europeans.
● Government of India Act 1935 further extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for depressed classes (scheduled castes), women and labourers (workers)

Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Doctrine of Lapse was imposed on the kingdom of Kittur in Karnataka.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: She was arrested in 1824 and died in prison in 1829. Kittur Rani Chennamma could not win the war against the British, but she etched her presence for many centuries. Along with Onake Obavva, Abbakka Rani and Keladi Chennamma, she is much revered in Karnataka as an icon of bravery.
Additional information:
● Rani Chennamma was the first woman independence activist of Bharat. She stood all alone with a vibrant fiery eye against the British Empire.
● Rani Chennamma did not succeed in driving them away, but she did provoke many women to rise against British rule.
● She was Chennamma Queen of the princely state Kittur in Karnataka.
● Rani Chennamma was married to Mallasarja Desai, ruler of Kittur at the age of 15. Her married life seemed to be a sad tale after her husband died in 1816. With this marriage she had only one son, but fate seemed to play a tragic game in her life. Her son breathed his last in 1824, leaving the lonely soul to fight against British rule. The Doctrine of Lapse was imposed on native states by the British. Under this declaration, native rulers were not allowed to adopt a child if they had no children of their own. Their territory formed part of the British Empire automatically.
● The state of Kittur came under the administration of Dharwad collectorate in charge of Mr. Thackeray. Mr. Chaplin was the commissioner of the region. Both did not recognize the new ruler and the regent, and informed that Kittur had to accept the British regime.
● Rani Chennamma and the local people strongly opposed British high handedness. Thackeray invaded Kittur. In the battle that ensued, hundreds of British soldiers were killed along with Thackeray.
● Rani Chennamma has become a legend. During the freedom movement, her brave resistance to the British formed themes of plays, songs, and song stories. Folk songs or lavanis were a legion and freedom struggle got a good boost through singing bards who moved throughout the region.

Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The Individual Satyagraha started to defend the right to free expression, not to achieve independence.
● Statement 2 is correct: It used the right to free expression to oppose the war by making an anti-war declaration.
● Statement 3 is correct: The first satyagrahi to present an individual satyagraha was Vinoba Bhave. He launched his mission at Paunar, just five miles from Wardha, on October 17, 1940.
Additional information:
● Individual Satyagarh was the resultant of August offer. It was started with the mass Civil Disobedience Movement.
● If the government did not arrest the Satyagrahi, they would start a march towards Delhi (“Delhi Chalo Movement”).
● Individual Satyagraha’s main goal is to show that nationalist patience was not the product of frailty. Another goal is to demonstrate public disinterest in the conflict and to highlight the differences between Nazism and the dual autocracy that governed India.
● The government will be given another opportunity to agree to the demands of Congress in a peaceful manner. To use the right to free expression to oppose the war by making an anti-war declaration was Satyagrahi’s demand.
● The Satyagrahi will replicate the action in villages and march towards Delhi (Delhi Chalo Movement) if the government does not detain them.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: The British government officially recognised India’s ability to be a dominion for the first time.
● Statement 2 is correct: The Muslim League, the INC and the Hindu Mahasabha rejected the mission.
Additional information:
● In order to secure Indian support for British war efforts during the Second World War, the British government dispatched the Cripps Mission to India in March 1942.
● Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, a minister for labour in Winston Churchill’s coalition administration in Britain, served as its leader.
● The US and other allied leaders put pressure on Britain for its own imperial practices in India and to win India’s assistance for the Allied war effort. The British government decided to send Cripps to India as a result of this.
● The British government officially recognised India’s ability to be a dominion for the first time. Indians have the ability to draft their own Constitution.
● Giving the provinces the option to form their own union turned out to be a precedent for the country’s separation in 1947.
● The option to leave the Commonwealth implied eventual full sovereignty.
● Indians were promised a sizable portion of the administration during the transitional era.