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Question 1 of 20
1. Question
Consider the following:
1. Punjab
2. Rajasthan
3. Haryana
4. Uttar Pradesh
How many of the above places were under the political control of the Jat ruler Suraj Mal?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● The power of the Jats reached its zenith under Suraj Mal who consolidated the Jat state at Bharatpur (in present day Rajasthan) during 1756 –1763. The areas under the political control of Suraj Mal broadly included parts of modern eastern Rajasthan, southern Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. Suraj Mal built a number of forts and palaces and the famous Lohagarh fort in Bharatpur is regarded as one of the strongest forts built in this region.
● Punjab was not part of the political control of the Jat state.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● The power of the Jats reached its zenith under Suraj Mal who consolidated the Jat state at Bharatpur (in present day Rajasthan) during 1756 –1763. The areas under the political control of Suraj Mal broadly included parts of modern eastern Rajasthan, southern Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. Suraj Mal built a number of forts and palaces and the famous Lohagarh fort in Bharatpur is regarded as one of the strongest forts built in this region.
● Punjab was not part of the political control of the Jat state. -
Question 2 of 20
2. Question
Consider the following:
1. Doctrine of Advaita
2. Brahman with attributes
3. Path of knowledge
How many of the above features are associated with the philosophy of Shankara?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Shankara, one of the most influential philosophers of India, was born in Kerala in the eighth century. He was an advocate of Advaita or the doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul and the Supreme God which is the Ultimate Reality.
● He taught that Brahman, the only or Ultimate Reality, was formless and without any attributes. He considered the world around us to be an illusion or maya, and preached renunciation of the world and adoption of the path of knowledge to understand the true nature of Brahman and attain salvation.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Shankara, one of the most influential philosophers of India, was born in Kerala in the eighth century. He was an advocate of Advaita or the doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul and the Supreme God which is the Ultimate Reality.
● He taught that Brahman, the only or Ultimate Reality, was formless and without any attributes. He considered the world around us to be an illusion or maya, and preached renunciation of the world and adoption of the path of knowledge to understand the true nature of Brahman and attain salvation. -
Question 3 of 20
3. Question
During the mid- twelfth century, there emerged a close connection between the Tamil Bhakti movement and temple worship. Which of the following movements is the best representation of this interaction?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● In the mid-twelfth century there emerged a close connection between the Tamil bhakti movement and temple worship. This in turn led to a reaction that is best represented in the Virashaiva movement initiated by Basavanna and his companions like Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi. This movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century. The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● In the mid-twelfth century there emerged a close connection between the Tamil bhakti movement and temple worship. This in turn led to a reaction that is best represented in the Virashaiva movement initiated by Basavanna and his companions like Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi. This movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century. The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship. -
Question 4 of 20
4. Question
Arrange the following towns of ancient India from north to south:
1. Kodumanal
2. Bharukachchha
3. Puhar
4. Sopara
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct sequence is: Bharukachchha, Sopara, Kodumanal and Puhar
● Kodumanal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu is famous for the discovery of graffiti marks in archaic Tamil–Brahmi on the grave goods.
● Bharukachchha(ancient name of Baroach) in Gujarat was an important city and port town which is mentioned in the Jatakas.
● Puhar (Tamil Nadu) was the premier port of Cholas (also known as Kaveripoompattinam)
● Sopara, (Maharashtra) was an important port city during the Mauryan and post- Mauryan period.
Refer to the map given below:
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct sequence is: Bharukachchha, Sopara, Kodumanal and Puhar
● Kodumanal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu is famous for the discovery of graffiti marks in archaic Tamil–Brahmi on the grave goods.
● Bharukachchha(ancient name of Baroach) in Gujarat was an important city and port town which is mentioned in the Jatakas.
● Puhar (Tamil Nadu) was the premier port of Cholas (also known as Kaveripoompattinam)
● Sopara, (Maharashtra) was an important port city during the Mauryan and post- Mauryan period.
Refer to the map given below:
-
Question 5 of 20
5. Question
With reference to the history of India, masattuvan, setthis and satthavahas are best associated with:
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Masattuvan in Tamil and Setthis and Satthavahas in Prakrit refer to successful merchants.
● Shrenis or guilds in ancient India refer to organisations of craft producers and merchants.
So, option B is the most suitable match for these words.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Masattuvan in Tamil and Setthis and Satthavahas in Prakrit refer to successful merchants.
● Shrenis or guilds in ancient India refer to organisations of craft producers and merchants.
So, option B is the most suitable match for these words. -
Question 6 of 20
6. Question
The first coins to bear the names and images of rulers were issued by:
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The first coins to bear the names and images of rulers were issued by the Indo-Greeks, who established control over the north-western part of the subcontinent c. second century BCE.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The first coins to bear the names and images of rulers were issued by the Indo-Greeks, who established control over the north-western part of the subcontinent c. second century BCE. -
Question 7 of 20
7. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: During the post- Mauryan period, Roman coins were found in south India.
Statement II: Due to the decline of the Mauryan empire, south India became part of the Roman empire.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● During the post- Mauryan period, hoards of Roman coins have been found from archaeological sites in south India. This does not mean that south India was/became part of the Roman empire at any point of time in Indian history. Evidence of coins suggests the ongoing trade relations between south India and the Roman empire and not any political control. Hence, option c is the correct answer.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● During the post- Mauryan period, hoards of Roman coins have been found from archaeological sites in south India. This does not mean that south India was/became part of the Roman empire at any point of time in Indian history. Evidence of coins suggests the ongoing trade relations between south India and the Roman empire and not any political control. Hence, option c is the correct answer. -
Question 8 of 20
8. Question
With reference to the history of India, the term ‘pativedaka’ refers to:
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Epigraphists have translated the term pativedaka as reporter. It was prevalent during the Mauryan empire. Here is an excerpt showing the task of pativedaka.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
● Epigraphists have translated the term pativedaka as reporter. It was prevalent during the Mauryan empire. Here is an excerpt showing the task of pativedaka.
-
Question 9 of 20
9. Question
Consider the following statements about ‘gotra’ as reflected in Brahmanical rules:
1. It was always named after a Vedic seer.
2. Marriage was exogamous under a gotra.
3. Women after marriage were allowed to continue with their father’s gotra.
How many statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
One Brahmanical practice, evident from c. 1000 BCE onwards, was to classify people (especially Brahmanas) in terms of gotras. Each gotra was named after a Vedic seer, and all those who belonged to the same gotra were regarded as his descendants. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Two rules about gotra were particularly important:
● Members of the same gotra could not marry. So, marriage was gotra exogamous. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● Women were expected to give up their father’s gotra and adopt that of their husband on marriage. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
One Brahmanical practice, evident from c. 1000 BCE onwards, was to classify people (especially Brahmanas) in terms of gotras. Each gotra was named after a Vedic seer, and all those who belonged to the same gotra were regarded as his descendants. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Two rules about gotra were particularly important:
● Members of the same gotra could not marry. So, marriage was gotra exogamous. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● Women were expected to give up their father’s gotra and adopt that of their husband on marriage. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. -
Question 10 of 20
10. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Satavahana’s succession to the throne was generally matrilineal.
Statement II: Satavahana rulers were identified through metronymics.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The Satavahana rulers were identified through metronymics (names derived from that of the mother). Although this may suggest that mothers were important, it should not be understood that the throne in the Satavahana passed to women. Satavahana’s succession to the throne was generally patrilineal.
Hence, option D is the correct answer.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The Satavahana rulers were identified through metronymics (names derived from that of the mother). Although this may suggest that mothers were important, it should not be understood that the throne in the Satavahana passed to women. Satavahana’s succession to the throne was generally patrilineal.
Hence, option D is the correct answer. -
Question 11 of 20
11. Question
Which of the following hymns mentioned in the Rig Veda talks about the concept of four-fold division of society or varnas?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras also contained rules about the ideal “occupations” of the four categories or varnas.
To justify their claims, Brahmanas often cited a verse from a hymn in the Rigveda known as the Purusha sukta, describing the sacrifice of Purusha, the primeval man. All the elements of the universe, including the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body:
● The Brahmana was his mouth, of his arms was made the Kshatriya. His thighs became the Vaishya, of his feet the Shudra was born.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras also contained rules about the ideal “occupations” of the four categories or varnas.
To justify their claims, Brahmanas often cited a verse from a hymn in the Rigveda known as the Purusha sukta, describing the sacrifice of Purusha, the primeval man. All the elements of the universe, including the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body:
● The Brahmana was his mouth, of his arms was made the Kshatriya. His thighs became the Vaishya, of his feet the Shudra was born. -
Question 12 of 20
12. Question
Consider the following images:
1. Lifesize image of Nataraja
2. Image of Lord Vishnu seated on serpent
3. Sculpture of Lord Mahavira
How many of the above images are to be found in Badami Caves?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Badami cave temples are located in the town of Badami in the north-central part of Karnataka, India.
Cave 1:
● The first Badami cave temple is dedicated to Nataraja (Lord Shiva). Lifesize 18 handed Nataraja image striking 81 dance poses welcomes the visitors here.
Cave 2:
● This Badami cave temple is flanked by celestial guardians and dwarf statues. This cave shows several of Lord Vishnu’s avatars. Four ornate pillars with carvings of the mythical lion Yali support this temple.
Cave 3:
● This is the finest as well as the largest of the group. It has giant-sized images of Lord Vishnu seated on a coiled serpent along with other images of the Vaishnava pantheon. As in other caves, every inch of the roof and pillars are carved.
Cave 4:
● This cave temple is dedicated to Jainism. A small cave with images of Jain Tirthankaras, the sanctum holds a large sculpture of Lord Mahavira. This temple leads to the fort and the top of the hill.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Badami cave temples are located in the town of Badami in the north-central part of Karnataka, India.
Cave 1:
● The first Badami cave temple is dedicated to Nataraja (Lord Shiva). Lifesize 18 handed Nataraja image striking 81 dance poses welcomes the visitors here.
Cave 2:
● This Badami cave temple is flanked by celestial guardians and dwarf statues. This cave shows several of Lord Vishnu’s avatars. Four ornate pillars with carvings of the mythical lion Yali support this temple.
Cave 3:
● This is the finest as well as the largest of the group. It has giant-sized images of Lord Vishnu seated on a coiled serpent along with other images of the Vaishnava pantheon. As in other caves, every inch of the roof and pillars are carved.
Cave 4:
● This cave temple is dedicated to Jainism. A small cave with images of Jain Tirthankaras, the sanctum holds a large sculpture of Lord Mahavira. This temple leads to the fort and the top of the hill. -
Question 13 of 20
13. Question
With reference to the history of India, which of the following rulers is famous for the epithet of ‘eka bamhana’?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The best-known ruler of the Satavahana dynasty, Gotami-puta Siri-Satakani, claimed to be both a unique Brahmana (eka bamhana) and a destroyer of the pride of Kshatriyas.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The best-known ruler of the Satavahana dynasty, Gotami-puta Siri-Satakani, claimed to be both a unique Brahmana (eka bamhana) and a destroyer of the pride of Kshatriyas. -
Question 14 of 20
14. Question
Consider the following features:
1. Fixed number
2. Based on birth
3. Common occupation
How many of the above features are associated with ‘Jati’?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
● In Brahmanical theory, jati, like varna, was based on birth. However, while the number of varnas was fixed at four, there was no restriction on the number of jatis.
● In fact, whenever Brahmanical authorities encountered new groups – for instance, people living in forests such as the nishadas – or wanted to assign a name to occupational categories such as the goldsmith or suvarnakara, which did not easily fit into the fourfold varna system, they classified them as a jati.
● Jatis which shared a common occupation or profession were sometimes organised into shrenis or guilds.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
● In Brahmanical theory, jati, like varna, was based on birth. However, while the number of varnas was fixed at four, there was no restriction on the number of jatis.
● In fact, whenever Brahmanical authorities encountered new groups – for instance, people living in forests such as the nishadas – or wanted to assign a name to occupational categories such as the goldsmith or suvarnakara, which did not easily fit into the fourfold varna system, they classified them as a jati.
● Jatis which shared a common occupation or profession were sometimes organised into shrenis or guilds. -
Question 15 of 20
15. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Texts – Authors
1. Natyashastra – Panini
2. Ashtadhyayi – Patanjali
3. Harshacharita – Banabhatta
4. Periplus of the Erythraean Sea – Fa Xian
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct matches are as follows:
● Natyashastra- of Bharata, a work on dramaturgy (in Sanskrit)
● Ashtadhyayi of Panini, a work on Sanskrit grammar
● Harshacharita, biography of Harsha, written by Banabhatta
● Periplus of the Erythraean Sea- AnonymousIncorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct matches are as follows:
● Natyashastra- of Bharata, a work on dramaturgy (in Sanskrit)
● Ashtadhyayi of Panini, a work on Sanskrit grammar
● Harshacharita, biography of Harsha, written by Banabhatta
● Periplus of the Erythraean Sea- Anonymous -
Question 16 of 20
16. Question
Consider the following features:
1. Entire world is animated
2. Principle of ahimsa
3. Concept of rebirth
4. Concept of Karma
How many of the above features are associated with Jainism?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The most important idea in Jainism is that the entire world is animated: even stones, rocks and water have life.
● Non-injury to living beings, especially to humans, animals, plants and insects, is central to Jaina philosophy. In fact the principle of ahimsa, emphasised within Jainism, has left its mark on Indian thinking as a whole.
● According to Jaina teachings, the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma. Asceticism and penance are required to free oneself from the cycle of karma. This can be achieved only by renouncing the world; therefore, monastic existence is a necessary condition of salvation.
● Jaina monks and nuns took five vows: to abstain from killing, stealing and lying; to observe celibacy; and to abstain from possessing property.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The most important idea in Jainism is that the entire world is animated: even stones, rocks and water have life.
● Non-injury to living beings, especially to humans, animals, plants and insects, is central to Jaina philosophy. In fact the principle of ahimsa, emphasised within Jainism, has left its mark on Indian thinking as a whole.
● According to Jaina teachings, the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma. Asceticism and penance are required to free oneself from the cycle of karma. This can be achieved only by renouncing the world; therefore, monastic existence is a necessary condition of salvation.
● Jaina monks and nuns took five vows: to abstain from killing, stealing and lying; to observe celibacy; and to abstain from possessing property. -
Question 17 of 20
17. Question
Consider the following statements with reference to Buddhism:
1. Vinaya Pitaka contains philosophical matters related to Buddhism.
2. Abhidhamma Pitaka contains the sacred teachings of Buddha.
3. Sutta Pitaka contains the rules and regulations for Buddhist monastic order.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Buddha (and other teachers) taught orally – through discussion and debate. After his death (c. fifth-fourth century BCE) his teachings were compiled by his disciples at a council of “elders” or senior monks at Vesali (Pali for Vaishali in present-day Bihar). These compilations were known as Tipitaka – literally, three baskets to hold different types of texts.
● The Vinaya Pitaka included rules and regulations for those who joined the sangha or monastic order.
● The Buddha’s teachings were included in the Sutta Pitaka.
● The Abhidhamma Pitaka dealt with philosophical matters.
Each pitaka comprised a number of individual texts. Later, commentaries were written on these texts by Buddhist scholars.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Buddha (and other teachers) taught orally – through discussion and debate. After his death (c. fifth-fourth century BCE) his teachings were compiled by his disciples at a council of “elders” or senior monks at Vesali (Pali for Vaishali in present-day Bihar). These compilations were known as Tipitaka – literally, three baskets to hold different types of texts.
● The Vinaya Pitaka included rules and regulations for those who joined the sangha or monastic order.
● The Buddha’s teachings were included in the Sutta Pitaka.
● The Abhidhamma Pitaka dealt with philosophical matters.
Each pitaka comprised a number of individual texts. Later, commentaries were written on these texts by Buddhist scholars. -
Question 18 of 20
18. Question
Which of the following statements reflect the features of the Harappan weight system?
1. Generally cubicles with no marking.
2. Use of Decimal system for higher denominations.
3. Use of metal- scale pans.
4. Rough system of weight.
How many statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
Following are the features of Harappan weight system:
● Weights were generally made of a stone called chert and generally cubicle with no markings.
● Exchanges were regulated by a precise system of weights.
● The lower denomination of weight was binary, while the higher denominations followed the decimal system.
● Use of metal-scale pan has also been found.
● Smaller weights were generally used for weighing jewellery and beads.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
Following are the features of Harappan weight system:
● Weights were generally made of a stone called chert and generally cubicle with no markings.
● Exchanges were regulated by a precise system of weights.
● The lower denomination of weight was binary, while the higher denominations followed the decimal system.
● Use of metal-scale pan has also been found.
● Smaller weights were generally used for weighing jewellery and beads. -
Question 19 of 20
19. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Excavators – Harappan Sites Discovered
1. R.S Bisht – Dholavira
2. D.R.Sahni – Harappa
3. B.B.Lal – Kalibangan
4. S.R.Rao – Lothal
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
All the pairs are correctly matched.
● In 1990, R.S Bisht started the excavations at Dholavira.
● In 1974, M.R Mughal began explorations in Bahawalpur.
● In 1960, B.B. Lal and B.K. Thapar began excavations at Kalibangan.
● In 1955, S.R.Rao began excavations at Lothal.
● In 1920, Daya Ram Sahni started excavations at Harappa.
● In 1921, R. D. Banerji started excavating Mohenjodaro.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
All the pairs are correctly matched.
● In 1990, R.S Bisht started the excavations at Dholavira.
● In 1974, M.R Mughal began explorations in Bahawalpur.
● In 1960, B.B. Lal and B.K. Thapar began excavations at Kalibangan.
● In 1955, S.R.Rao began excavations at Lothal.
● In 1920, Daya Ram Sahni started excavations at Harappa.
● In 1921, R. D. Banerji started excavating Mohenjodaro. -
Question 20 of 20
20. Question
With reference to the history of India, the term ‘vish’ refers to:
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Through various sources we come to find that during the Vedic period, two words were used to describe the people or community as a whole. They are:
● Vish
● Jana
Several vish or jana are mentioned by name. For example- Pura Jana or vish, Bharata Jana or vish.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Through various sources we come to find that during the Vedic period, two words were used to describe the people or community as a whole. They are:
● Vish
● Jana
Several vish or jana are mentioned by name. For example- Pura Jana or vish, Bharata Jana or vish.
