1. Attitude
Attitude is a learned/acquired predisposition to behave in a favorable or unfavorable manner against the given object or It is about how people react to different situations/objects hence attitude is reflected through reaction or behavior. It is learnt through the process of socialization. Its quality depends on the nature of socialization.
2. Aptitude
Aptitude deals with the innate ability of humans. It’s about the ability to perform / future potential of humans to perform. Hence, it is about competence, ability or potential to perform. It is
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- Innate or inborn
- Natural quality
- Inherent potential which a human is born
Example: Handwriting speed, efficiency, knowledge & skill.
Since aptitude is an inborn quality, it is difficult to completely transform it. Although via grooming and training, there can be improvement in aptitude.
3. Anonymity
It means being impersonal and serving the government without taking credit & becoming too much personal i.e. ‘Serving behind the curtain’.
4. Affect
It refers to emotions or feelings, likes, dislikes, emotional bonds and emotional intelligence evoked by a particular person, item or event. If people face objects where the affect is high, they would face emotional reactions. Objects which are generally family, friends, relatives, image of the country, self-image, respect and dignity and objects towards which an individual has the strongest likes and dislikes.
5. Accountability
It means answerability of civil servants (administration or government as the case maybe) which is enforced against a set of defined legal standards and values. Hence, accountability is considered as a formal / legal concept as it has defined standards.
6. Actionable accountability
It emphasizes the importance of translating citizen engagement and demands for accountability into tangible actions and consequences within the formal governance system. By integrating social and formal accountability mechanisms, actionable accountability seeks to enhance the effectiveness and enforceability of accountability processes, thereby promoting transparency, integrity, and good governance.
7. Behavior
Behavior is a reflection of attitude. Attitude can’t be observed. It is observed through the behavior ofa person. In general, behavior is a true reflection of attitude simply because one cannot hide true attitude for long as one lives in a social environment. It is also due to the integrity and consistency factor. Although behavior is considered a reflection of attitude, it is behavior which also brings changes in attitude.
A<—>B
Wrong behavior reminds us about the problems in the existing attitude and knowing about the object so that next time- it is changed & there is the right reaction. In fact, humans have a tendency of self-correcting behavior, and it is possible only when attitude is changed.
8. Bureaucratic ethics
It refers to the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior and decision-making of individuals working within bureaucratic organizations. It encompasses values such as integrity, accountability, impartiality, fairness, and adherence to legal and organizational rules and regulations.
9. Bureaucratic attitude
It typically refers to a behavior characterized by excessive adherence to rules, procedures, and hierarchical structures within an organization, rigid adherence to formalities, focus on process over outcome, resistance to change. Bureaucratic attitude is when bureaucracy adheres to rationality, neutrality, impartiality and objectivity.
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