G20 SUMMIT

TAG: GS-2: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

CONTEXT:  The Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty was launched at the G20 Summit 2024 in Rio de Janeiro under Brazil’s presidency.

EXPLANATION:

About the G20 Rio de Janeiro Declaration 2024:

• • The G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro launched the Global Coalition against Hunger and Poverty, which connects countries with resources to combat hunger. The initiative is led by Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and focuses on cash transfers, school meals, and support for farmers.
  • The coalition aims to eradicate hunger and poverty by 2030, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • It has 148 members, 82 countries, the African and European Union, 24 international organizations, 9 financial institutions, and 31 philanthropic and non-governmental organizations. The initial members included Brazil, Bangladesh, and G20, with participants from all continents.
  • Launched the Global Alliance for Local and Regional Production, Innovation and Equitable Access to increase access to vaccines, diagnostics and health technologies for neglected diseases and vulnerable populations.
  • Formed a Task Force on Global Mobilization against Climate Change to identify and address barriers to private capital flows for climate action, especially in developing countries.
  • Reinforced its commitment to reform the UN Security Council to make it more inclusive, effective, democratic and accountable, reflecting the realities of the 21st century.
  • Endorsed the G20 Roadmap for Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to build better, bigger and more effective MDBs.
  • 2024 Theme – Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet.

What is the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty?

• • The Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty was officially launched during the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Its primary objective is to accelerate efforts toward the eradication of hunger and poverty globally while promoting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

• • Goals:
    • Poverty Eradication – Focus on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 (No Poverty).
    • Zero Hunger – Align with Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger and Sustainable Agriculture).
  • Membership – Open membership available to G20 members and other interested countries, international organizations, multilateral development banks, knowledge centers, and philanthropies

Key Pillars of the Alliance:

• • • National: Coordination of public policies specific to eradicating hunger.
    • Knowledge: Integration of data and technologies for evidence-based solutions.
    • Financial: Large-scale resource mobilization to fund programs.
  • Funding: Operational costs ($2-3 million annually) are covered by member countries and global institutions like FAO, UNICEF, and the World Bank.

Why is this alliance needed:

• • The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015 by all UN Member States, set targets to end poverty, hunger, and ensure food security by 2030.
  • However, the Covid-19 pandemic reversed progress, leading to a rise in extreme poverty and declining nutrition standards, particularly in the Global South.
  • Projections indicate 622 million people will live below the extreme poverty line of $2.15 per day by 2030.
  • 582 million people are expected to live in hunger by 2030, the same as in 2015.
  • Global conflicts, climate change, and inequalities have further weakened progress.

India’s situation of hunger:

• • India is ranked 105th among 127 countries in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2024, indicating a ‘serious’ level of hunger.
  • Notably, India’s GHI score of 27.3 is a cause for concern, especially when compared to its South Asian neighbours like Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, which fall into the

Source:

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2074919