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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1. Consider the following statements about Small Modular Reactors (SMRs):
1. They are about one-third the size of conventional nuclear reactors in terms of generating capacity.
2. They may require more frequent refuelling as compared to conventional nuclear reactors.
3. SMRs can be deployed in remote or off-grid locations to provide reliable and resilient power supply.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors.
Statement 2 is incorrect: SMRs have reduced fuel requirements. Power plants based on SMRs may require less frequent refuelling, every 3 to 7 years, in comparison to between 1 and 2 years for conventional plants. Some SMRs are designed to operate for up to 30 years without refuelling.
Statement 3 is correct: One of the advantages of SMRs is their ability to be deployed in remote or off-grid locations to provide reliable power supply. This capability makes them suitable for applications such as powering military installations, remote communities, or industrial facilities located far from traditional power grids.
More about SMRs
SMRs work on similar principles as conventional nuclear reactors by using thermal energy from nuclear fission to generate electrical power. SMRs are factory fabricated and can be operated by any agency.
In comparison to existing reactors, proposed SMR designs are generally simpler, and the safety concept for SMRs often relies more on passive systems and inherent safety characteristics of the reactor, such as low power and operating pressure.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors.
Statement 2 is incorrect: SMRs have reduced fuel requirements. Power plants based on SMRs may require less frequent refuelling, every 3 to 7 years, in comparison to between 1 and 2 years for conventional plants. Some SMRs are designed to operate for up to 30 years without refuelling.
Statement 3 is correct: One of the advantages of SMRs is their ability to be deployed in remote or off-grid locations to provide reliable power supply. This capability makes them suitable for applications such as powering military installations, remote communities, or industrial facilities located far from traditional power grids.
More about SMRs
SMRs work on similar principles as conventional nuclear reactors by using thermal energy from nuclear fission to generate electrical power. SMRs are factory fabricated and can be operated by any agency.
In comparison to existing reactors, proposed SMR designs are generally simpler, and the safety concept for SMRs often relies more on passive systems and inherent safety characteristics of the reactor, such as low power and operating pressure.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2. With reference to viroids, consider the following statements:
1. These are small single-stranded, linear RNAs.
2. They are infectious pathogens that affect only plants.
3. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: Viroids are single-stranded circular RNAs which provides them better stability as compared to linear RNAs. They reproduce within the host cell which they affect and cause variations in them causing death
Statement 2 is correct: Viroids are infectious pathogens that affect only plants, therefore are also called plant pathogens. The plants that are infected by viroids are responsible for the crop failures and also cause the loss of millions of dollars in agricultural revenue every year. Some of the plants that are affected by these pathogens are potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, chrysanthemums, coconut palms, avocados, etc.
Statement 3 is correct: Structurally, viroids are smaller than viruses and possess circular strands of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) with no protein coating.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: Viroids are single-stranded circular RNAs which provides them better stability as compared to linear RNAs. They reproduce within the host cell which they affect and cause variations in them causing death
Statement 2 is correct: Viroids are infectious pathogens that affect only plants, therefore are also called plant pathogens. The plants that are infected by viroids are responsible for the crop failures and also cause the loss of millions of dollars in agricultural revenue every year. Some of the plants that are affected by these pathogens are potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, chrysanthemums, coconut palms, avocados, etc.
Statement 3 is correct: Structurally, viroids are smaller than viruses and possess circular strands of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) with no protein coating. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
3. With reference to mitosis, consider the following statements:
1. It results in the formation of identical daughter cells.
2. It is involved in the growth and repair of multicellular organisms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Mitosis is a process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) and results in the formation of two identical daughter cells. These daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring genetic continuity.
Statement 2 is correct: Mitosis plays a crucial role in the growth and repair of multicellular organisms. During growth, mitosis allows for the increase in the number of cells, leading to the development and expansion of tissues and organs. In the case of repair, mitosis replaces damaged or dead cells with new, identical cells, contributing to the overall health and maintenance of the organism.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Mitosis is a process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) and results in the formation of two identical daughter cells. These daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring genetic continuity.
Statement 2 is correct: Mitosis plays a crucial role in the growth and repair of multicellular organisms. During growth, mitosis allows for the increase in the number of cells, leading to the development and expansion of tissues and organs. In the case of repair, mitosis replaces damaged or dead cells with new, identical cells, contributing to the overall health and maintenance of the organism. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
4. These waves are emitted as part of the black-body radiation from anything with a temperature greater than about 2 kelvins. Recently, Scientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have created next-generation anti-counterfeiting tags harnessing these waves. These waves lie at lower frequency regions in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Which of the following waves is being described in the above paragraph?Correct
Answer: C
Explanation
Compared to lower radio frequencies, terahertz radiation is strongly absorbed by the gases of the atmosphere, and in air most of the energy is attenuated within a few meters, so it is not practical for long distance terrestrial radio communication.
Terahertz radiation is emitted as part of the black-body radiation from anything with a temperature greater than about 2 kelvins.
Terahertz band falls between microwave and infra-red regions in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Viable artificial sources of terahertz radiation are gyrotron, backward wave oscillator, organic gas far infrared laser, Schottky diode multipliers, varactor multipliers, quantum cascade laser, free electron laser, synchrotron light sources, photo-mixing sources among others.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation
Compared to lower radio frequencies, terahertz radiation is strongly absorbed by the gases of the atmosphere, and in air most of the energy is attenuated within a few meters, so it is not practical for long distance terrestrial radio communication.
Terahertz radiation is emitted as part of the black-body radiation from anything with a temperature greater than about 2 kelvins.
Terahertz band falls between microwave and infra-red regions in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Viable artificial sources of terahertz radiation are gyrotron, backward wave oscillator, organic gas far infrared laser, Schottky diode multipliers, varactor multipliers, quantum cascade laser, free electron laser, synchrotron light sources, photo-mixing sources among others. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
5. Consider the following statements regarding plant hormones:
1. Auxin is a plant hormone responsible for regulating seed germination and stem elongation.
2. Gibberellins are plant hormones primarily involved in promoting cell elongation and apical dominance.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, especially in the stem and coleoptiles of young seedlings. It also plays a role in apical dominance, which refers to the phenomenon where the terminal bud of a plant suppresses the growth of lateral buds.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Gibberellins are plant hormones that are primarily involved in regulating various growth processes in plants, including seed germination, stem elongation, flowering, and fruit development. They promote stem elongation by stimulating cell division and elongation in the stem tissues.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, especially in the stem and coleoptiles of young seedlings. It also plays a role in apical dominance, which refers to the phenomenon where the terminal bud of a plant suppresses the growth of lateral buds.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Gibberellins are plant hormones that are primarily involved in regulating various growth processes in plants, including seed germination, stem elongation, flowering, and fruit development. They promote stem elongation by stimulating cell division and elongation in the stem tissues.
