Answer:
APPROACH AND STRUCTURE
1. Write an introduction on globalization.
2. Write some basics about globalization.
3. Then write about westernization.
4. How globalisation is equal to westernization.
5. Examine part: How globalisation moved away from westernization.
6. Conclude.
INTRODUCTION: Globalisation stands for constellation of international and trans- governmental forces that have altered the cultural, demographic, economic, social and political character of countries and communities.
BODY: According to UN, Globalisation is free movement of people, capital, labour, technology, goods and services. Globalisation is defined from different perspective. For instance;
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- From Political perspective, it is spread of liberal value across the World.
- From Economy perspective, it is integration of one’s economy with global economy.
- From sociological perspective, it is about socio-cultural integration which led to emergence of cosmopolitan and multicultural society. This is also known as Mcdonaldisation.
- From Public administration Perspective, it is internationalisation of administration.
- From Digital era perspective, it is googlisation.
The globalisation experienced three schools of thought.
Globalization as Westernisation: Proponents of globalization school were Friedman and Huntington. They considered it as the spread of Liberal-Capitalism and western liberal democracy. Globalization started as the phenomenon of west to rest– free market, democratization and opening up of economy. Developing countries have to adopt developed countries’ values and open their economies. Western nations applied market techniques on developing nations to harness their interests. Other scholars, such as Samir Amin, Farazmand, and others, see globalisation as a new term for western imperialism. They believe that recolonization in the form of economic exploitation is taking place in the post-colonial countries of the Third World.
Examine part: However, 2000s onwards there started reversal of process, developing countries start dominating the global multilateral fora. For instance, Doha Development Round deadlock, 2002. G-20 became a global platform to address the global challenges rather than G-7. In second phase, the developing countries start influencing. Then the developments like Brexit, Trump policy and COVID-19 etc gave debate of de-globalisation. Chinese president said that globalization is irreversible, USA didn’t participate in Paris climate pact, India and China became fastest growing economies, BRI of china and Asia-Africa Growth Corridor of India-Japan reveal the dominance of developing world. These developments are marked by national interests and not western interests.
Globalization is a balancing phenomenon and may not necessarily be termed as the imitation of west. Globalization has impacted both developing countries as well as developed countries equally.
Common values: competition, efficiency of administration, giving more recognition to civil society organization, principle of accountability and responsibility. Globalization can be seen as democratization of world rather than westernization so it would be narrow interpretation to call globalization as westernization.
CONCLUSION:
Globalization has given rise to global-local debate and Roland Robertson’s glocalisation. Various initiatives like Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat, vocal for local etc. are aimed at not only self dependence in local production but its increase role in world economy. So, west-led globalisation is going through reglobalisation instead of deglobalisation.
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