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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points1. Consider the following passage:
“These species are used as the focus of a broader conservation marketing campaign based on its possession of one or more traits that appeal to the target audience. They are frequently used by conservation practitioners to raise funds and awareness for reducing biodiversity loss.”
Which of the following is being referred to in the above passage?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● A flagship species is a species selected to act as an ambassador, icon or symbol for a defined habitat, issue, campaign or environmental cause. Flagship species are used as the focus of a broader conservation marketing campaign based on its possession of one or more traits that appeal to the target audience. They are frequently used by conservation practitioners to raise funds and awareness for reducing biodiversity loss.
● Pioneer species are hardy species. As the name suggests, they are the first ones who are known to colonise barren surroundings or formerly biodiverse steady-state ecosystems, which are disrupted (for instance by fire).
● Keystone species are those that have an extremely high impact on a particular ecosystem relative to its population.
● An indicator species is an organism whose presence, absence or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition. Indicator species can signal a change in the biological condition of a particular ecosystem, and thus may be used as a proxy to diagnose the health of an ecosystem.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● A flagship species is a species selected to act as an ambassador, icon or symbol for a defined habitat, issue, campaign or environmental cause. Flagship species are used as the focus of a broader conservation marketing campaign based on its possession of one or more traits that appeal to the target audience. They are frequently used by conservation practitioners to raise funds and awareness for reducing biodiversity loss.
● Pioneer species are hardy species. As the name suggests, they are the first ones who are known to colonise barren surroundings or formerly biodiverse steady-state ecosystems, which are disrupted (for instance by fire).
● Keystone species are those that have an extremely high impact on a particular ecosystem relative to its population.
● An indicator species is an organism whose presence, absence or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition. Indicator species can signal a change in the biological condition of a particular ecosystem, and thus may be used as a proxy to diagnose the health of an ecosystem. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points2. With reference to the ‘Azooxanthellate corals’, consider the following statements:
1. The azooxanthellate corals are a group of corals that derive nourishment directly from the sun.
2. They are not found in shallow waters.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The azooxanthellate corals are a group of corals that do not contain zooxanthellae and derive nourishment not from the sun but from capturing different forms of planktons.
● Statement 2 is also incorrect: They are deep-sea representatives with the majority of species being reported from depths between 200 metres and 1,000 metres. They are also reported from shallow waters unlike zooxanthellate corals that are restricted to shallow waters.
● Azooxanthellate corals are a group of hard corals. Hard corals are the prime and intrinsic part of the coral reef ecosystem.Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The azooxanthellate corals are a group of corals that do not contain zooxanthellae and derive nourishment not from the sun but from capturing different forms of planktons.
● Statement 2 is also incorrect: They are deep-sea representatives with the majority of species being reported from depths between 200 metres and 1,000 metres. They are also reported from shallow waters unlike zooxanthellate corals that are restricted to shallow waters.
● Azooxanthellate corals are a group of hard corals. Hard corals are the prime and intrinsic part of the coral reef ecosystem. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points3. Which of the following are detritivores?
1. Springtails
2. Sea stars
3. Fiddler crabs
4. Millipedes
5. Dung flies
Select the correct answer using the code given below.Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Detritivores are heterotrophic organisms and it gets nutrition by feeding on detritus, which is an organic matter consisting of dead plants and animals. Detritivores also use the feeding strategy which involves the consumption of feces, called coprophagy to get nutrition. Also, detritivores break down the organic matter by oral digestion and absorb its nutrients.● Typical detritivorous animals include millipedes, springtails, woodlice, dung flies, slugs, many terrestrial worms, sea stars, sea cucumbers, fiddler crabs.
Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Detritivores are heterotrophic organisms and it gets nutrition by feeding on detritus, which is an organic matter consisting of dead plants and animals. Detritivores also use the feeding strategy which involves the consumption of feces, called coprophagy to get nutrition. Also, detritivores break down the organic matter by oral digestion and absorb its nutrients.● Typical detritivorous animals include millipedes, springtails, woodlice, dung flies, slugs, many terrestrial worms, sea stars, sea cucumbers, fiddler crabs.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points4. Which of the following species represent the Commensalism type of interaction?
1. Sucker fish and shark
2. Crab and sea anemone
3. Epiphytes and trees
4. Whales and Barnacules
5. Coral and algae
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Commensalism is a relationship between two species where one species is benefitted, while the other neither gets any benefit nor is adversely affected under normal conditions.
● The sucker fish attaches to shark surface with the help of its dorsal fin, which is modified into a hold fast. The sucker fish is dispersed to distant areas with better food supply. Besides, the fish gets protection from predators due to its association with shark. However, the shark does not get any benefit from sucker fish and it is also not affected adversely.
● Similarly, epiphytes (e.g. mosses, ferns, orchids, money plant) growing on trees benefit from better light conditions, but generally, they do not harm the tree.
● Crab and Sea anemone, on the other hand, manifest mutualism type of interaction. The sea anemone grows on the back of the crab, providing camouflage and protection and, in turn, the sea anemone is transported for reaching new food sources. This type of mutualism is also called proto cooperation.
● Barnacules attach themselves to whale’s body, move with it and eat microorganisms. So they are benefitted. Whereas whale’s are neither had nor benefitted. Thus they also shows commensalism.
● The bright colours of reef-building corals come from the zooxanthellae algae they have a mutualistic relationship with.Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
● Commensalism is a relationship between two species where one species is benefitted, while the other neither gets any benefit nor is adversely affected under normal conditions.
● The sucker fish attaches to shark surface with the help of its dorsal fin, which is modified into a hold fast. The sucker fish is dispersed to distant areas with better food supply. Besides, the fish gets protection from predators due to its association with shark. However, the shark does not get any benefit from sucker fish and it is also not affected adversely.
● Similarly, epiphytes (e.g. mosses, ferns, orchids, money plant) growing on trees benefit from better light conditions, but generally, they do not harm the tree.
● Crab and Sea anemone, on the other hand, manifest mutualism type of interaction. The sea anemone grows on the back of the crab, providing camouflage and protection and, in turn, the sea anemone is transported for reaching new food sources. This type of mutualism is also called proto cooperation.
● Barnacules attach themselves to whale’s body, move with it and eat microorganisms. So they are benefitted. Whereas whale’s are neither had nor benefitted. Thus they also shows commensalism.
● The bright colours of reef-building corals come from the zooxanthellae algae they have a mutualistic relationship with. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points5. Consider the following statements about Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM):
1. It is a plan from the United States of America (USA) to tax carbon-intensive products.
2. CBAM is part of the “Fit for 55 in 2030 package”.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: The CBAM is also known as a carbon border tax or a carbon leakage instrument. It is a plan from the European Union (EU) to tax carbon-intensive products, such as iron and steel, cement, fertilizer, aluminum, electricity, and hydrogen, from 2026. EU came up with the idea of CBAM in 2021.
Under the CBAM, EU importers will have to buy carbon certificates corresponding to the carbon price that would have been paid had the goods been produced under the EU’s carbon pricing rules.
If a non-EU producer has already paid for the emission in the country where the production took place, the EU importer can claim deductions from their CBAM liability against this.
• Statement 2 is correct: CBAM is part of the “Fit for 55 in 2030 package”, which is the EU’s plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, in line with the European Climate Law.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: The CBAM is also known as a carbon border tax or a carbon leakage instrument. It is a plan from the European Union (EU) to tax carbon-intensive products, such as iron and steel, cement, fertilizer, aluminum, electricity, and hydrogen, from 2026. EU came up with the idea of CBAM in 2021.
Under the CBAM, EU importers will have to buy carbon certificates corresponding to the carbon price that would have been paid had the goods been produced under the EU’s carbon pricing rules.
If a non-EU producer has already paid for the emission in the country where the production took place, the EU importer can claim deductions from their CBAM liability against this.
• Statement 2 is correct: CBAM is part of the “Fit for 55 in 2030 package”, which is the EU’s plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, in line with the European Climate Law.
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