Day-371
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points1. Consider the following statements with respect to Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Legislations in India:
1. There is no nationwide legislation to deal with superstitious practices.
2. Bihar is the first state in the country which enacted a law to deal with superstitious practices in 1999.
Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?Correct
Answer: D
Context:The recent brutal murders of two women as part of “ritualistic human sacrifices” in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala have left the country in shock. Absence of a comprehensive law to counter such inhuman acts, the call for a strict anti-superstition law has only grown louder.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: In India, there is no central law that exclusively deals with crimes related to witchcraft, superstition, or occult-inspired activities. Article 51A (h) of the Indian Constitution makes it a fundamental duty for Indian citizens to develop a scientific temper.
o The Indian Penal Code (IPC) also prescribes punishment for related crimes like abduction and murder, but not for harming others via furthering superstitious and outdated beliefs. In the absence of a nationwide legislation, a few States have enacted laws to counter witchcraft and protect women from deadly ‘witch-hunting’.
● Statement 2 is also correct: Eight states in India have witch-hunting legislations so far. These include Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan, Assam, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The state of Bihar emerged the pioneer in enacting a law to deal with superstitious practices in 1999.VALUE ADDITION:
Need for a country-wide Anti-superstition and Black Magic Act:
In the absence of a comprehensive law to counter such acts, the call for a strict anti-superstition law has grown louder.
● As per the 2021 report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), six deaths were linked to human sacrifices, while witchcraft was the motive for 68 killings.
● Allowing the unhindered continuance of such practices violates an individual’s fundamental right to equality and right to life under Article 14 and Article 21 of the Constitution respectively.
● Such acts also violate several provisions of various International legislations to which India is a signatory, such as the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948’, ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966’, and ‘Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979’.
● In the absence of measures to tackle superstitions, unscientific and irrational practices and misinformation regarding medical procedures can also balloon up, which can have severe detrimental effects on public order and health of citizens.Incorrect
Answer: D
Context:The recent brutal murders of two women as part of “ritualistic human sacrifices” in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala have left the country in shock. Absence of a comprehensive law to counter such inhuman acts, the call for a strict anti-superstition law has only grown louder.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: In India, there is no central law that exclusively deals with crimes related to witchcraft, superstition, or occult-inspired activities. Article 51A (h) of the Indian Constitution makes it a fundamental duty for Indian citizens to develop a scientific temper.
o The Indian Penal Code (IPC) also prescribes punishment for related crimes like abduction and murder, but not for harming others via furthering superstitious and outdated beliefs. In the absence of a nationwide legislation, a few States have enacted laws to counter witchcraft and protect women from deadly ‘witch-hunting’.
● Statement 2 is also correct: Eight states in India have witch-hunting legislations so far. These include Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan, Assam, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The state of Bihar emerged the pioneer in enacting a law to deal with superstitious practices in 1999.VALUE ADDITION:
Need for a country-wide Anti-superstition and Black Magic Act:
In the absence of a comprehensive law to counter such acts, the call for a strict anti-superstition law has grown louder.
● As per the 2021 report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), six deaths were linked to human sacrifices, while witchcraft was the motive for 68 killings.
● Allowing the unhindered continuance of such practices violates an individual’s fundamental right to equality and right to life under Article 14 and Article 21 of the Constitution respectively.
● Such acts also violate several provisions of various International legislations to which India is a signatory, such as the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948’, ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966’, and ‘Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979’.
● In the absence of measures to tackle superstitions, unscientific and irrational practices and misinformation regarding medical procedures can also balloon up, which can have severe detrimental effects on public order and health of citizens. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points2. With reference to ‘Leith’s softshell turtle’, consider the following statements:
1. Leith’s softshell turtle is a large marine water soft-shelled turtle that is endemic to Gulf of Mannar.
2. The turtle has been listed on Schedule IV of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
3. Recently, it has been shifted from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I for preventing commercial trade of this critically endangered species.
Which of the above given statements is/are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Context: India’s proposal to increase the protection of Leith’s softshell turtle was approved at the 19th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP 19) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which is being held in Panama City from November 2022.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Leith’s softshell turtle is a large freshwater soft-shelled turtle that is endemic to peninsular India. It has been subject to intense exploitation over the past 30 years for poaching and illegal consumption within India. It has been illegally traded to foreign countries for meat and its calipee.
● This species’ population has fallen by 90 per cent over the past 3 decades and is now very difficult to find. It is classified as “critically endangered” on the IUCN Red List.
● Statement 2 is correct: The turtle has been listed on Schedule IV of the Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972, which gives protection from hunting and trading. However, this protection failed to save the species from poaching and illegal trade. Seizures of thousands of specimens are reported every year.
● Statement 3 is correct: The recent shift from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I will help prevent commercial trade of this critically endangered species. It will ensure that the international trade of captive-bred specimens only takes place in registered facilities and that higher and more appropriate penalties are given for illegal trade.
SOURCE: ‘THE PERSPECTIVE’ LUKMAAN IAS CURRENT AFFAIRS MAGAZINEIncorrect
Answer: C
Context: India’s proposal to increase the protection of Leith’s softshell turtle was approved at the 19th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP 19) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which is being held in Panama City from November 2022.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Leith’s softshell turtle is a large freshwater soft-shelled turtle that is endemic to peninsular India. It has been subject to intense exploitation over the past 30 years for poaching and illegal consumption within India. It has been illegally traded to foreign countries for meat and its calipee.
● This species’ population has fallen by 90 per cent over the past 3 decades and is now very difficult to find. It is classified as “critically endangered” on the IUCN Red List.
● Statement 2 is correct: The turtle has been listed on Schedule IV of the Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972, which gives protection from hunting and trading. However, this protection failed to save the species from poaching and illegal trade. Seizures of thousands of specimens are reported every year.
● Statement 3 is correct: The recent shift from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I will help prevent commercial trade of this critically endangered species. It will ensure that the international trade of captive-bred specimens only takes place in registered facilities and that higher and more appropriate penalties are given for illegal trade.
SOURCE: ‘THE PERSPECTIVE’ LUKMAAN IAS CURRENT AFFAIRS MAGAZINE -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points3. With reference to “Communication Platform as a Service (CPaaS)” consider the following statements:
1. It is a cloud based delivery model that let businesses and developers integrate features like telephony and messaging into software.
2. It also consolidates communication services into a single, ready-to-go platform.
3. WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and WeChat are forms of CPaaS.
Which of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Context: In January 2023, Global researchers identified consistently low OTT business messaging pricing as a key driver of adoption by CPaaS (Communications Platforms-as-a-Service) platforms. As OTT messaging pricing is set by the platform itself rather than operators, this provides a far less volatile pricing model compared to SMS.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 correct: Communications Platform as a Service (CPaaS) is a cloud-based delivery model that lets you add voice, video, and messaging features to your existing business software using APIs (Application Program Interface).
● Statement 2 is incorrect:UCaaS, or Unified Communications as a Service is similar service to CPaaS. Though both are cloud-based communications systems, they differ in several key ways. While CPaaS uses APIs to choose and build any features that are needed, UCaaS consolidates communication services into a single, ready-to-go platform.
● Statement 3 is correct: Examples of communication capabilities a CPaaS can offer include:
o Short message services (SMS).
o Multimedia message services (MMS).
o Social channels (WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and WeChat).
o Voice and VoIP.
o Video and teleconferencing.
o Rich communication services (RCS).Incorrect
Answer: C
Context: In January 2023, Global researchers identified consistently low OTT business messaging pricing as a key driver of adoption by CPaaS (Communications Platforms-as-a-Service) platforms. As OTT messaging pricing is set by the platform itself rather than operators, this provides a far less volatile pricing model compared to SMS.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 correct: Communications Platform as a Service (CPaaS) is a cloud-based delivery model that lets you add voice, video, and messaging features to your existing business software using APIs (Application Program Interface).
● Statement 2 is incorrect:UCaaS, or Unified Communications as a Service is similar service to CPaaS. Though both are cloud-based communications systems, they differ in several key ways. While CPaaS uses APIs to choose and build any features that are needed, UCaaS consolidates communication services into a single, ready-to-go platform.
● Statement 3 is correct: Examples of communication capabilities a CPaaS can offer include:
o Short message services (SMS).
o Multimedia message services (MMS).
o Social channels (WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and WeChat).
o Voice and VoIP.
o Video and teleconferencing.
o Rich communication services (RCS). -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points4. Consider the following pairs:
Drugs Diseases
1. Lecanemab – Alzheimer
2. Adderall – Diabetes
3. Tzield – Malaria
4. Quinine – ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?Correct
Answer: A
Context:In November 2022, U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv) injection to delay the onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes in adults and pediatric patients 8 years and older who currently have stage 2 type 1 diabetes.
Explanation:● Lecanemab:It is an experimental drug currently in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia. The disease is not part of normal aging, and likely caused by various processes that damage neurons of the brain.
● Tzield:Type 1 diabetes is a disease that occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the cells that make insulin. Tzield monoclonal antibody injection that may deactivate the immune cells that attack insulin-producing cells, while increasing the proportion of cells that help moderate the immune response. Tzield is administered by intravenous infusion once daily for 14 consecutive days.
● Adderall: It is a drug for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, a sleep condition that causes daytime sleepiness. It can help enhance sports performance, improve focus, concentration, impulse control, hyperactivity because of its effects on the central nervous system.
● Quinine: It is a drug used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red blood cells in the body and causes malaria. Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing.Incorrect
Answer: A
Context:In November 2022, U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv) injection to delay the onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes in adults and pediatric patients 8 years and older who currently have stage 2 type 1 diabetes.
Explanation:● Lecanemab:It is an experimental drug currently in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia. The disease is not part of normal aging, and likely caused by various processes that damage neurons of the brain.
● Tzield:Type 1 diabetes is a disease that occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the cells that make insulin. Tzield monoclonal antibody injection that may deactivate the immune cells that attack insulin-producing cells, while increasing the proportion of cells that help moderate the immune response. Tzield is administered by intravenous infusion once daily for 14 consecutive days.
● Adderall: It is a drug for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, a sleep condition that causes daytime sleepiness. It can help enhance sports performance, improve focus, concentration, impulse control, hyperactivity because of its effects on the central nervous system.
● Quinine: It is a drug used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red blood cells in the body and causes malaria. Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points5. With reference to Lassa Fever, consider the following statements:
1. The disease is endemic in the rodent population in parts of South America.
2. It is a zoonotic acute viral illness spread by the forest bats.
3. There is currently no vaccine approved to prevent the disease.
Which of the above given statements is/are correct?Correct
Answer: C
Context:In December 2022, Nigeria Center for disease Control (NCDC) said that in the year 2022, 171 people dies of Lassa fever in Nigeria.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 and 2 is incorrect: The fever is spread by rats and is primarily found in countries in West Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and Nigeria where it is endemic.
● Statement 3 is correct: There is currently no vaccine approved to prevent the disease.
Antiviral drug ribavirin is often used to treat Lassa fever although the usage is not a licensed treatment.
VALUE ADDITION:
● Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a member of the arenavirus family of viruses.
● Humans usually become infected with Lassa virus through exposure to food or household items contaminated with urine or faeces of infected Mastomys rats.
● About 80% of people who become infected with Lassa virus have no symptoms. 1 in 5 infections result in severe disease, where the virus affects several organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys.Incorrect
Answer: C
Context:In December 2022, Nigeria Center for disease Control (NCDC) said that in the year 2022, 171 people dies of Lassa fever in Nigeria.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 and 2 is incorrect: The fever is spread by rats and is primarily found in countries in West Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and Nigeria where it is endemic.
● Statement 3 is correct: There is currently no vaccine approved to prevent the disease.
Antiviral drug ribavirin is often used to treat Lassa fever although the usage is not a licensed treatment.
VALUE ADDITION:
● Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a member of the arenavirus family of viruses.
● Humans usually become infected with Lassa virus through exposure to food or household items contaminated with urine or faeces of infected Mastomys rats.
● About 80% of people who become infected with Lassa virus have no symptoms. 1 in 5 infections result in severe disease, where the virus affects several organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys.
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