Day-636 | Daily MCQs | UPSC Prelims | HISTORY

Answer: C
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: The Battle of Imphal was fought during World War II between the British Commonwealth and Allied forces, primarily represented by the British Indian Army and the Japanese Imperial Army.
Statement 2 is correct: The battle was a part of the larger Burma Campaign, which aimed to repel the Japanese invasion of India, British Burma (now Myanmar) and eventually drive them out of Southeast Asia.
Statement 3 is correct: The battle is often referred to as the Stalingrad of the East.
Additional information:
● The battle took place in and around the city of Imphal, located in the northeastern region of India, which was then part of British India.
● The Japanese forces, led by General Renya Mutaguchi, sought to capture Imphal and Kohima, which were vital to their plans for advancing into India.
● The British Commonwealth and Allied forces, under the overall command of General William Slim, defended Imphal and Kohima, effectively halting the Japanese advance into India.
● The battle was a turning point in the Burma Campaign and marked a significant defeat for the Japanese forces.
● The British Commonwealth and Allied forces successfully defended Imphal and Kohima, ensuring the protection of India and thwarting the Japanese attempt to establish a foothold in the subcontinent.
Historical Background of Battle of Imphal, 1944
● During the Second World War, the Japanese planned to invade India. It was codenamed U-Go.
● The plan was to disrupt the Allied offensive plans. If the Japanese could gain a strong foothold in India, they would demonstrate the weakness of the British empire.
● Kohima was the connecting link to southeast Asia; thus, the Japanese troops tried to capture it through Burma and cut off supplies for the British army.
● According to the plan, the Japanese 31st Division was sent to capture Kohima and cut off Imphal.
● On 15 March 1944, the Japanese crossed the Chindwin River and moved northwest along jungle trails.
● They clashed with the Indian troops in the northern part of Imphal on 20 March.

Answer: C
Explanation:
Sikh Gurus – Associated places
1) Guru Angad – Khadur
2) Guru Amar Das – Goindwal
3) Guru Nanak – Kartarpur

Additional information:
● Khadur is a village associated with the second guru of the Sikhs, Guru Angad (1504–1552). He moved the early Sikh community’s centre from Kartarpur to Khadur after becoming the guru after Nanak’s passing and due to opposition from Nanak’s sons.
● Guru Amar Das became the third Sikh guru in 1552 at the age of 73. Goindwal became an important centre for Sikhism during the Guruship of Guru Amar Das.
● Kartarpur marks the most significant and constructive phase in the life of Guru Nanak Dev. It was here on the banks of the river Ravi that he laid the foundations of a new faith in a commune he set up.

Answer: A
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Desai-Liaquat Pact proposed to negotiate an agreement for a future coalition government, which would enable a united choice for Hindus and Muslims for the independent Government of India; eventually in the direction of ending the deadlock between the two entities.
Statement 2 is incorrect: This pact collapsed because it was unable to be accepted by Congress and the Muslim League.
Statement 3 is correct: The Shimla Conference was made possible by the Desai-Liaquat Pact.
Additional information:
● While Mohandas Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee had been arrested during the Quit India movement, from 1942 to 1945, Desai was one of few Congress leaders free.
● While pressing demands for the immediate release of political prisoners, Desai began secretive talks with Liaquat Ali Khan, the second-most important leader of the Muslim League.
● Both of them came up with the draft proposal for the formation of an interim government at the centre, consisting of:
1. An equal number of persons nominated by the Congress and the League in the central legislature.
2. 20% reserved seats for minorities.
● In this Pact, Liaquat gave up the demand for a separate Muslim state in turn for parity of Muslims-to-Hindus in the council of ministers.
● Conceding the League as the representative of Muslims and giving a minority community equal place with the majority Hindus, Desai attempted to construct an ideal Indian alliance that would hasten India’s path for freedom while ending the Quit India struggle.
● Thus, it turned out so that, M.K Gandhi’s attempt to resolve the political deadlock by persuading Desai to make an attempt to appease the league leaders, were not formally endorsed either by the Congress or the League.

Answer: B
Explanation:
● The Dahsala or Zabti System was implemented during Akbar’s reign in 1580-82 to address issues that arose as a result of fixing prices each year and revenue settlement for the previous year.
● This system was primarily developed by Raja Todarmal, who was the finance minister during the Mughal Empire in India at the time. He conducted a thorough survey of crop yields and prices over a ten-year period using the system.
● Under this, the average yield of ten years was calculated using this system. One-third of this average produce was fixed in Rupees per Bigha and fixed as a state share (Mal). The remaining two-thirds share was left to the cultivators (Kharaj).
Additional information:
● The Mansabdari system refers to the grading system which is used by the Mughal rulers for fixing the rank and salary of a mansabdar. The mansabs refer to the nobles who occupied various positions of importance in the administration of the Mughal Empire. Their appointments and dismissals were at the hands of the mughal emperor.
● Ghalla Bakhshi system: The most common and perhaps the oldest system were called batai or ghalla-bakhshi. In this system, the produce was divided between the peasants and the state in fixed proportion. The crop was divided after it had been thrashed, or when it had been cut and tied in stacks, or while it was standing in the field.
● Nasaq or Kankut system This system was implemented in Bengal and Orissa. In this system, the land revenue was estimated and later the revenue was collected.

Answer: D
Explanation:
● Tana Bhagat Movement or Oraon Movement (1914-1919) was first called Kurukh Dharam and was purely a religious movement, similar to the Munda movement (Meaning the original religion of the Oraons).
● The Bihar region of Chotanagpur served as the focal point of this movement.
● It was a tribal rebellion that took place between 1914 and 1919 and was led by Jatra Oraon and a group of Tana Bhagats or Oraons.
● They opposed the British Government in the end, as well as the Zamindars and Moneylenders.
● Like Mahatma Gandhi, the Tana Bhagats were proponents of nonviolence.
● Finally, the British Government brutally put an end to this uprising.
Additional information:
Rampa Rebellion (1922-1924)
● Alluri Sitarama Raju was the leader of the Rampa rebellion, which took place in the present-day Andhra Pradesh districts of Visakhapatnam and East Godavari.
● The Bengali revolutionaries served as an inspiration for A.S. Raju, who used their example to launch an uprising against the British.
● From 1922 until 1924, Alluri and his supporters carried out this uprising, which included protesting numerous police stations, killing a number of officers, and stealing weapons and ammunition.
● After capturing Alluri Raju in 1924 and shooting him dead after tying him to a tree, the British were finally able to put an end to this movement
Koya Uprising (1879- 1880)
● Assisted by Khonda Sara commanders, the Koyas of the eastern Godavari track (now Andhra) revolted in 1803, 1840, 1845, 1858, 1861, and 1862.
● They rose once again under Tomma Sora in 1879–1880.
● They complained about being persecuted by the police and moneylenders, new limitations and the denial of their historical rights to forest areas.
● Following the passing of Tomma Sora, Raja Anantayyar led a new uprising in 1886.
Khond Uprising (1837-56)
● The Khonds inhabited the mountainous regions that ran from Bengal to Tamil Nadu as well as the central provinces.
● Due to the impassable hilly terrain, they were entirely independent before the British arrived.
● Between 1837 to 1856, they rose against the British for their exploitation of forest practices, led by Chakra Bisoi, who adopted the name “Young Raja.”
● Tribal people from the Ghumusar, Kalahandi, and Patna regions took part in the uprising.
● The British attempt to outlaw the practice of “Mariah” (Sacrifice) and the subsequent introduction of new taxes, as well as the influx of Zamindars and Sahukars (Moneylenders), were the main causes of their uprising.
● Using bow-and-arrows, swords, and axes, the Kols rose up in rebellion against the British-created “Maria Agency.“
● Additionally, some local militia clans led by Radha Krishna Dand Sena helped them. The insurrection finally came to an end in 1955 when Chakra Bisoi was taken prisoner.