1. The Harm Principle: Explaining one of J.S. Mill’s most concise and relevant principles READ MORE
2. Jesus says centring happens through struggle READ MORE

1. Coal, Glasgow, and the future of the Great Indian Bustard READ MORE  
2. How to climate-proof Indian agriculture through innovation – from fertiliser to farmer networks READ MORE

1. Address poverty, education to curb child marriage READ MORE
2. One nation, one ration card holds promise READ MORE
3. The children who quietly dropped out of school READ MORE

1. Electoral reform is welcome, but shouldn’t be selective READ MORE
2. Delimitation’s limit: J&K Commission needs to address Kashmiri fears. India needs to rethink 2026 plan READ MORE
3. Why the separation of the judiciary and executive is essential in a democracy READ MORE
4. LINKING voter ID AND Aadhaar A bad IDEA READ MORE
5. Human Fallibility in Justice System Is Why Capital Punishment Must Be Abolished READ MORE

(Newspapers, PIB and other important sources)

Prelim and Main

1. Heated winter session of Parliament concludes a day early READ MORE
2. Life expectancy reduced in 2020 after steady increase for 15 years: Study READ MORE
3. Cabinet approves Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Copra for 2022 season READ MORE
4. RBI intervention prevents Rupee slide READ MORE
5. Climate crisis has cost India 5 million hectares of crop in 2021 READ MORE

Main Exam  

GS Paper- 1

1. Address poverty, education to curb child marriage READ MORE

GS Paper- 2

POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

1. Electoral reform is welcome, but shouldn’t be selective READ MORE
2. Delimitation’s limit: J&K Commission needs to address Kashmiri fears. India needs to rethink 2026 plan READ MORE
3. Why the separation of the judiciary and executive is essential in a democracy READ MORE
4. LINKING voter ID AND Aadhaar A bad IDEA READ MORE
5. Human Fallibility in Justice System Is Why Capital Punishment Must Be Abolished READ MORE

SOCIAL ISSUES AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

1. One nation, one ration card holds promise READ MORE
2. The children who quietly dropped out of school READ MORE

INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

1. As a regional leader, not a victim of circumstance READ MORE
2. Troubled waters: On Indian fishermen in Sri Lankan custody READ MORE

GS Paper- 3

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. India not ready for cryptos, for now READ MORE
2. The politics and economics of fuel prices READ MORE
3. Lasting solution: WTO ruling is an opportunity to reform the sugar sector READ MORE

ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

1. Coal, Glasgow, and the future of the Great Indian Bustard READ MORE  
2. How to climate-proof Indian agriculture through innovation – from fertiliser to farmer networks READ MORE

GS Paper- 4

ETHICS EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDY

1. The Harm Principle: Explaining one of J.S. Mill’s most concise and relevant principles READ MORE
2. Jesus says centring happens through struggle READ MORE

Questions for the MAIN exam

1. ‘The One nation, one ration card scheme is not only timely but is also necessary to overcome the ravages of the pandemic in a sustainable manner’. Substantiate.
2. ‘Violence and instability in the Northeast have important implications for national security and territorial integrity’. In the light of the statement, suggest the way forward for India to address the security and instability issues in the northeast.

QUOTATIONS AND CAPTIONS

• Those who ‘abjure’ violence can do so only because others are committing violence on their behalf.
• The Constitution mandates ECI to function as an independent entity, apolitical in its character, but also appear to be so, because in the public domain “truth is not the truth, perception is the truth.” PMO’s recent invite to ECI shatters public trust in the latter.
• India must respond to neighbourhood challenges by making it clear that it is an arbiter of its destiny and the region’s.
• Government must take up all pending electoral reform proposals, instead of only going for politically motivated reforms like simultaneous elections and electoral bonds.
• A delimitation exercise represents a shift in political power. As the population is the main basis of seat allocation, an inherent problem is it dilutes the political clout of states and regions that have done well in realising the goal of population control.
• The ONORC scheme is not only timely but is also necessary to overcome the ravages of the pandemic in a sustainable manner.
• When laws restricting personal liberty are passed without debate, or under the cover of finance bills, the impact is felt by the citizens.
• Banning crypto should not detract from its underlying technology. Blockchain technology can be used even then.
• Facing the challenges posed by climate change, not just in terms of rising temperatures but also the growing need to better manage natural resources, promote resilient farming methods, and provide safe and nutritious food, many of India’s farmers are already making progress.
• With a population soon expected to become the world’s largest, agricultural innovations in India will help to not only ensure that more people can be fed, but also that the impact of farming upon the environment is minimised, and its resilience to climate change bolstered.
• The decision to award capital punishment is a question of life and death, which puts too much at stake for human institutions, such as the judiciary, to decide.

ESSAY TOPIC

• Truth is not the truth; perception is the truth.

50-WORD TALK

• When prices crash, economists blame it on supply-demand disequilibrium but fail to see the human suffering it unleashes. Not only in India but globally too, the volatility of the markets has destroyed livelihoods and increasingly forced farmers to abandon farming, sell off their lands and migrate to the cities looking for menial jobs. This is no less than mayhem. Take the case of America, where farm gate prices have been on a steady decline, gradually pushing farmers out of agriculture.

Things to Remember:

• For prelims-related news try to understand the context of the news and relate with its concepts so that it will be easier for you to answer (or eliminate) from given options.
• Whenever any international place will be in news, you should do map work (marking those areas in maps and also exploring other geographical locations nearby including mountains, rivers, etc. same applies to the national places.)
• For economy-related news (banking, agriculture, etc.) you should focus on terms and how these are related to various economic aspects, for example, if inflation has been mentioned, try to relate with prevailing price rises, shortage of essential supplies, banking rates, etc.
• For main exam-related topics, you should focus on the various dimensions of the given topic, the most important topics which occur frequently and are important from the mains point of view will be covered in ED.
• Try to use the given content in your answer. Regular use of this content will bring more enrichment to your writing.

1. Measures of social security for a wife READ MORE
2. Why raising marriage age of women won’t achieve its stated goal READ MORE
3. Enforcing equality barely gives hope READ MORE

1. Thinking before linking: Despite progressive aspects, linking electoral rolls with Aadhaar raises apprehensions READ MORE
2. Electoral reforms: Linking of Aadhaar with poll rolls faces challenges READ MORE
3. Electoral bonds have been a mixed bag READ MORE

1. Ken-Betwa project can ravage Bundelkhand READ MORE
2. India must step up efforts to reduce deforestation READ MORE
3. A people-centric agenda for clean air READ MORE
4.  Labour losses due to rising heat: India among the most affected, finds study READ MORE

1. Global human solidarity is the only way forward READ MORE
2. Increase your concentration READ MORE

(Newspapers, PIB and other important sources)

Prelim and Main

1. SVAMITVA Scheme READ MORE
2. The problems within the UDAN scheme READ MORE
3. A chance encounter with rare species READ MORE
4. Union agriculture ministry prohibits the use of TB antibiotics on crops READ MORE
5. Parliament passes Bill to link electoral rolls with Aadhaar READ MORE
6. Nagaland Creates Three New Districts – Tseminyu, Niuland, And Chumukedima READ MORE

Main Exam  

GS Paper- 1

1. Ken-Betwa project can ravage Bundelkhand READ MORE
2. India must step up efforts to reduce deforestation READ MORE
3. Measures of social security for a wife READ MORE

GS Paper- 2

POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

1. Thinking before linking: Despite progressive aspects, linking electoral rolls with Aadhaar raises apprehensions READ MORE
2. Electoral reforms: Linking of Aadhaar with poll rolls faces challenges READ MORE
3. Electoral bonds have been a mixed bag READ MORE

SOCIAL ISSUES AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

1. Why raising marriage age of women won’t achieve its stated goal READ MORE
2. Enforcing equality barely gives hope READ MORE

INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

1. India is keeping an eye on Central Asia READ MORE

GS Paper- 3

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. Energy: The Risks of Success- Costs are going up for rival sources of energy and renewables retain their price advantage READ MORE
2. The limits of unicorns: Start-ups cannot be a growth engine for the Indian economy READ MORE

ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

1. A people-centric agenda for clean air READ MORE
2.  Labour losses due to rising heat: India among the most affected, finds study READ MORE

GS Paper- 4

ETHICS EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDY

1. Global human solidarity is the only way forward READ MORE
2. Increase your concentration READ MORE

Questions for the MAIN exam

1. ‘Forest conservation needs to be prioritized above short term economic gains from diamond mines, development projects and tiger safaris’. Comment.
2. Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of the National Hydrogen Energy Mission.

QUOTATIONS AND CAPTIONS

• May your choices reflect your hopes, not your fears.
• There are indeed complaints that some electors may be registered in more than one constituency and that non-citizens have been enrolled, but these can be addressed by other identification processes.
• Immunity is a spectrum ranging from protection from severe disease and death to preventing even the mildest disease, to preventing infection itself.
• The Republic Day invitation to leaders of five republics from the Middle-East region is a recognition of its new geopolitical significance, signalling a change in Delhi’s stance.
• India needs to work on an intricate network of relationships with the regional states while remaining mindful of the “big picture”.
• Jaishankar’s call for coordination between Russia, India and China over Afghan issues is a call to energise the RIC format. India’s regional strategies must be anchored on a non-aligned, independent foreign policy.
• Women’s empowerment, given as the rationale behind the move, requires removing structural inequalities, not just a waving of the legislative wand.
• To truly empower them while respecting their reproductive rights, the government must invest far more in addressing issues of equity.
• Emerging powers such as India are important pillars of multilateralism and have tried to influence and reform the institutions and rules of the game towards more equity and public good decisions.
• Liberty does include the freedom to perform as much good karma as one can.
• Electoral bonds can be considered an improvement over the previous system as it has helped formalise that part of the election funding hitherto made through cash. But the absence of a provision to disclose donor details flies in the face of complete transparency.
• Start-ups’ great year is worth celebrating. But India must look for its growth engine elsewhere.

50-WORD TALK

• The project is based on the premise that Ken, the smaller of the two rivers, has surplus water that can be transferred to the bigger Betwa river. But the hydrological data that is claimed to support that premise is not in the public domain and has never been put to scrutiny by any independent, credible agency. Ground realities and available facts show that the hydrological basis of the project is a secret exercise in manipulation.
• In attending the meeting of PMO, the CEC and his colleagues have contravened the legislative intent and endangered the constitutionally ordained independent status of the EC. It is the bounden duty of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners to restore the independence of the Election Commission so badly compromised by their own actions.

Things to Remember:

• For prelims-related news try to understand the context of the news and relate with its concepts so that it will be easier for you to answer (or eliminate) from given options.
• Whenever any international place will be in news, you should do map work (marking those areas in maps and also exploring other geographical locations nearby including mountains, rivers, etc. same applies to the national places.)
• For economy-related news (banking, agriculture, etc.) you should focus on terms and how these are related to various economic aspects, for example, if inflation has been mentioned, try to relate with prevailing price rises, shortage of essential supplies, banking rates, etc.
• For main exam-related topics, you should focus on the various dimensions of the given topic, the most important topics which occur frequently and are important from the mains point of view will be covered in ED.
• Try to use the given content in your answer. Regular use of this content will bring more enrichment to your writing.

1. No tolerance for crime in faith’s name READ MORE
2. All About Your Attitude READ MORE

1. Himalayan glaciers melting at ‘exceptional rate’ READ MORE
2. Climate crisis in North East India: How geography, rainfall variations define calamity course READ MORE

1. Amid vaccine booster talk, context matters a lot READ MORE
2. Law seeks to give dam safety a new thrust READ MORE
3. Power politics: Violence in politics is gaining a dynamic of its own READ MORE
4. Like Patel, Bose, Nehru, Indian MPs & MLAs must start at the bottom: in civic, panchayat bodies READ MORE
5. From checks and balances to compliance: How the judiciary has responded to government pressure READ MORE

1. Raising marriage age won’t lead to women’s empowerment READ MORE
2. HUMAN TRAFFICKING BILL: A RAY OF HOPE READ MORE
3. Secularism inherent in the Indian ethos READ MORE

(Newspapers, PIB and other important sources)

Prelim and Main

1. Delimitation Commission proposes six additional seats for Jammu, one for Kashmir valley READ MORE
2. SEBI suspends futures trading in key farm crops READ MORE
3. Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan READ MORE
4. Nai Manzil Scheme READ MORE
5. Deaths linked to PM2.5 2nd highest in India: Study READ MORE

Main Exam

GS Paper- 1

1. Himalayan glaciers melting at ‘exceptional rate’ READ MORE
2. Climate crisis in North East India: How geography, rainfall variations define calamity course READ MORE
3. Raising marriage age won’t lead to women’s empowerment READ MORE

GS Paper- 2

POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

1. Amid vaccine booster talk, context matters a lot READ MORE
2. Law seeks to give dam safety a new thrust READ MORE
3. Power politics: Violence in politics is gaining a dynamic of its own READ MORE
4. Like Patel, Bose, Nehru, Indian MPs & MLAs must start at the bottom: in civic, panchayat bodies READ MORE
5. From checks and balances to compliance: How the judiciary has responded to government pressure READ MORE

SOCIAL ISSUES AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

1. HUMAN TRAFFICKING BILL: A RAY OF HOPE READ MORE
2. Secularism inherent in the Indian ethos READ MORE

INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

1. A strategic bulwark: India must redouble efforts towards Central Asia to counter the ‘Great Game’ rivalries READ MORE
2. Why the Russia-West equation matters to India READ MORE

GS Paper- 3

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. Need a new, decentralised look at agriculture READ MORE
2. Fiscal correction: Govt should not delay the consolidation process READ MORE
3. India’s FTA ambitions in perspective READ MORE

ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

1. In Punjab, sacred forests are shrinking due to encroachments and invasive species READ MORE  

TECHNOLOGY

1. Strengthening the technology ecosystem for agriculture in India READ MORE

SECURITY

1. Another drug haul: Kutch emerging as a favourite transit point for smugglers READ MORE
2. Terror in the Valley: Centre needs to move towards a practical strategy to restore normalcy in J&K READ MORE

GS Paper- 4

ETHICS EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDY

1. No tolerance for crime in faith’s name READ MORE
2. All About Your Attitude READ MORE

Questions for the MAIN exam

1. ‘When democracy has come to mean much more than free and fair elections, the public monitoring and restraint of arbitrary exercises of power by bodies such as independent courts is vital for the freedom, equality, and well- being of citizens’. Comment.
2. ‘As Courts are dependent on governments for the implementation of their orders, the impacts of their ruling sometimes remains invisible on ground realities’. In the light of the statement, how far do you think that counts role should be increased in the implementation of their orders? Analyse your view with relevant examples.

QUOTATIONS AND CAPTIONS

• Wanton killing innocent civilians is terrorism, not a war against terrorism.
• After Independence, ministers with a vastly different set of values and perspectives came to wield authority. Civil servants realised that circumspection rather than pure efficiency was needed to make things work.
• Tensions between the executive and judiciary are to be expected and welcomed in a democracy where those who exercise power.
• When democracy has come to mean much more than free and fair elections, the public monitoring and restraint of arbitrary exercises of power by bodies such as independent courts is vital for the freedom, equality, and well-being of citizens.
• If institutional checks and balances are intended to keep the executive and the judiciary on their toes and to prevent arbitrary exercises of power, tensions between the two should serve democracy in good stead.
• Resistance to decentralisation does not come much from All-India Service officers but from state-level political leaders who know their powers of patronage will be curtailed.
• Large municipal corporations and Zilla panchayats, aided by a complement of IAS, IPS, and IFS officers along with their counterparts from the state services, can provide governance and development interventions at the district level, and also raise necessary resources for carrying out the services.
• The country should rather begin a new discussion on agriculture and crops, creating diverse food grain habits and sustaining ecology.

ESSAY TOPIC

• Democracy seeks justice, not vengeance.

50-WORD TALK

• Experts opine that agritech, without doubt, is relooking at the way food has been grown and distributed in the country. But technological innovations are also being triggered by critical factors such as climate change, reduction in water availability, tolerance of pests, decrease in quality of soils and labour shortages. Funding, therefore, specifically for on-farm management and precision agriculture, they suggest, has to be increased.
• The Dam Safety Act is probably the most futuristic and the best dam safety law in the world. It advises dam owners to carry out risk assessment at regular intervals, prepare an emergency action plan to assess the level of disasters that may unfold and makes obstruction or refusal to comply with instructions to ensure dam safety a punishable offence.

Things to Remember:

• For prelims-related news try to understand the context of the news and relate with its concepts so that it will be easier for you to answer (or eliminate) from given options.
• Whenever any international place will be in news, you should do map work (marking those areas in maps and also exploring other geographical locations nearby including mountains, rivers, etc. same applies to the national places.)
• For economy-related news (banking, agriculture, etc.) you should focus on terms and how these are related to various economic aspects, for example, if inflation has been mentioned, try to relate with prevailing price rises, shortage of essential supplies, banking rates, etc.
• For main exam-related topics, you should focus on the various dimensions of the given topic, the most important topics which occur frequently and are important from the mains point of view will be covered in ED.
• Try to use the given content in your answer. Regular use of this content will bring more enrichment to your writing.

1. Value probity and decency in public life READ MORE
2. Be Curious, Not Furious READ MORE

1. Thar desert expanding fast with land degradation, finds study READ MORE
2.  In Punjab, sacred forests are shrinking due to encroachments and invasive species READ MORE  

1. On the freedom of speech, expression READ MORE
2. Is the Controversy Over NDPS (Amendment) Act, 2021 a Storm in a Teacup? READ MORE
3. Value probity and decency in public life READ MORE

1. Age and marriage: On raising the age of marriage for women READ MORE
2. Why India’s Time to Tackle Inequality is Now READ MORE
3. Explained | Is raising marriage age enough to help girls? READ MORE

(Newspapers, PIB and other important sources)

Prelim and Main

1. PM lays the foundation stone of Ganga Expressway READ MORE
2. New generation ballistic missile ‘Agni P’ successfully test-fired by DRDO READ MORE
3. India doesn’t have enough air quality monitors to show the true extent of pollution in the country READ MORE
4. Joint Statement of the 3rd meeting of the India-Central Asia Dialogue READ MORE
5. Explained: Goa Liberation Day READ MORE
6. Reintroduced gharials thriving in Beas reserve: experts READ MORE

Main Exam    

GS Paper- 1

1. Explained | Is raising marriage age enough to help girls? READ MORE
2. Thar desert expanding fast with land degradation, finds study READ MORE

GS Paper- 2

POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

1. On the freedom of speech, expression READ MORE
2. Is the Controversy Over NDPS (Amendment) Act, 2021 a Storm in a Teacup? READ MORE
3. Value probity and decency in public life READ MORE

SOCIAL ISSUES AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

1. Age and marriage: On raising the age of marriage for women READ MORE
2. Why India’s Time to Tackle Inequality is Now READ MORE

INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

1. Explained | Understanding the U.S. strategy of ‘Asia Pivot’ READ MORE
2. China: A nemesis that NATO wouldn’t want READ MORE

GS Paper- 3

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. MSP for all crops is fiscally unfeasible READ MORE
2. Leverage WTO to reform the MSP regime READ MORE
3. A global summit on inequality needed READ MORE

ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

1.  In Punjab, sacred forests are shrinking due to encroachments and invasive species READ MORE  

SECURITY

1. National security, at the cost of citizens’ privacy READ MORE
2. Defence reforms stand at the crossroads READ MORE

GS Paper- 4

ETHICS EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDY

1. Value probity and decency in public life READ MORE
2. Be Curious, Not Furious READ MORE

Questions for the MAIN exam

1. Laws cannot be a short cut in the path to social reform. With reference to this statement, critically evaluate the government decision to raise the minimum marriage age of women to 21 years.
2. ‘The Official Secrets Act is not to protect secrets, it is to protect officials’. Critically examine with relevant examples.
3. ‘Democracies have their weaknesses. But over the years, they have proved to be far more resilient than authoritarian regimes’. Explain.

QUOTATIONS AND CAPTIONS

• The very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream.
• Focus must be on creating social awareness about women’s reproductive health and rights.
• Laws cannot be a short cut in the path to social reform.
• The JPC report and the Data Protection Bill, 2021 protect the government instead of the personal data of Indian citizens.
• The Official Secrets Act is not to protect secrets, it is to protect officials.
• MSP for all crops is fiscally unfeasible, it may be better to use an income policy to directly transfer money into farmers’ accounts.
• WTO reform on the MSP regime in India’s own interest to phase out free supply electricity and water and focus on productivity boosting infrastructure.
• Democracies have their weaknesses. But over the years, they have proved to be far more resilient than authoritarian regimes. So, all those who value their rights and freedoms must abide by constitutional duties.
• The right has been provided for in the Constitution, but it comes with responsibilities. It is to be exercised under reasonable restrictions.
• The present highly unequal economic path led by crony capitalism and following the United States model cannot meet the needs of all citizens sustainably.
• The next Global Summit should be about how to tackle inequalities.

50-WORD TALK

• Unlike the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act, through which the unified combatant commands were created for the Americans, the act of integrating India’s three services was not legislated and only a person like General Rawat could have done it. This does not absolve the political setup of its responsibilities. But in the absence of a legislative Act of Parliament, only a resolute mind and personality could bring about the changes that have now germinated.

Things to Remember:

• For prelims-related news try to understand the context of the news and relate with its concepts so that it will be easier for you to answer (or eliminate) from given options.
• Whenever any international place will be in news, you should do map work (marking those areas in maps and also exploring other geographical locations nearby including mountains, rivers, etc. same applies to the national places.)
• For economy-related news (banking, agriculture, etc.) you should focus on terms and how these are related to various economic aspects, for example, if inflation has been mentioned, try to relate with prevailing price rises, shortage of essential supplies, banking rates, etc.
• For main exam-related topics, you should focus on the various dimensions of the given topic, the most important topics which occur frequently and are important from the mains point of view will be covered in ED.
• Try to use the given content in your answer. Regular use of this content will bring more enrichment to your writing.

1. Revolutionary economist READ MORE
2. Gratitude & Happiness READ MORE

1. Environmentalists oppose proposed changes to Biological Diversity Act READ MORE
2. Insects help richly in ecological restoration READ MORE

1. Fifteenth Finance Commission’s Recommendations on Local Bodies: Far too Many Concerns READ MORE
2. The Geopolitics of the Democracy Summit READ MORE